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Alternative Risk Finance Part 3 – Cell Company 101

| 02-11-2020 | Mark Roelands | treasuryXL

The introduction to a most utilized form and key alternative to a traditional captive

As described in this series: an in-house insurer can be of great added value to your company. In the current hard insurance market, the possibility to utilize an own vehicle instead of the turbulent market is a direct and tangible benefit. But it is not a free alternative, the cost of setup of an insurer and operating it in a compliant manner might be too high to generate an overall positive business case. That issue is being addressed in utilising a centralised facility taking care of a.o. most of capitalisation and compliance matters, while the risk taker can operate an in-house insurer. This light-weight route is what can be named a “Cell Company”.

A Protected Cell Company, Incorporated Cell Company, Segregated Accounts Company, Segregated Portfolio Company are all different names for a centralised facility each buidling on local legislation, which we will collectively name “Cell Companies”.

In this part of the series of Alternative Risk Financing the generalised concept of a Cell Company is described.

Structure explained

Where a fully-owned captive insurance entity imposes the full requirements on the parent company, the Cell Company utilises a centralised facility, a “Core”, which provides the infrastructure to be leveraged by multiple insurance entities. In the illustration the full hexagon is the Cell Company, with the Core representing the infrastructure.

The Small grey hexagons represent the Cells, which are segregated units within the facility and which belong to a specific client. Assets and Liabilities and legally segregated from other Cells and the Core. Cell A will for instance belong to Company A, while Cell B belongs to Company B. In most Cell Company structures the number of cells is not limited to 8 but is practically unlimited. In order to generate the segregation a split is made between Cellular Assets and Cellular Liabilies (the A-H hexagons) and non-cellular assets and liabilities (The Core).

Owning Cell A will enable a client to participate in an insurance program in a compliant manner, while building on the centralised facility which provides both a compliant governance structure, as well as the required capital amount.

As an individual client a key requirement however is to fund the ‘risk gap’, any open underwriting exposure being retained by the Cell needs to be collateralised somehow. Either via a guarantee. Letter of Credit, Capital or perhaps reinsuring more of the cover. This also ensures that each cell is able to sustain itself.

Key question: Is it safe?

Leveraging on the infrastructure of another company, which also facilitates other companies raises the obvious question: is it safe? Are my funds secure, and can I be held liable for the liabilities of other companies?In short: Yes it is safe … but …it builds on carefully drafted agreements, hence careful due diligence is required.

Basically, it comes down to default legislation of the domicile involved. In the Netherlands for instance there is no separate legal form of a Cell Company, and legal segregation critical fort he structure cannot be achieved. In Malta the for instance the “Cell Companies Act” recognizes the type of entity and segregation involved. A recent Montana case also recognized the structure including legal segregation.

Domiciliation

As mentioned several times, in order to make use of a Cell Company, legislation needs to be in place recognizing this particular form of a captive. Domiciliation is one of the the key considerations when an alternative risk finance structure is considered, as has been explain in Part 1 and Part 2 of this series.

In the Netherlands the required legislation for a Cell Company is not available. Within Europe therefore either Malta, Guernsey, Isle of Man or Gibraltar needs to be utilised. With Malta having the edge being within the EU. Ireland and Luxemburg have hinted on establishing Cell Company legislation as well, but Brexit (and moving insurance companies into these domiciles) has shifted supervisory priorities and no information has been published on any plans for a few years now. While Vermont is often the go to domicile within the US, there are more States with Cell Company legislation like Montana. Establishing a Cell Company close to an office of your company could be regarded to be beneficial. Vermont however does have an extensive captive servicing industry which is also a benefit.

Within Asia Vanuatu or Labuan would be interesting domiciles and the popular captive domiciles of Bermuda and Cayman Islands also both enable Cell Companies, and both have a solid supporting industry. This however needs to pass tax requirements in the organisation.

What’s next?

In Part 1 and Part 2 Captive Insurance and Building the Business Case is described. A Cell Company can possibly allow a business case to be positive, as the cost of operating and capitalising the Company is much lower then a fully-owned Solvency II compliant Insurance company. For building the business case please review Part 2, but when considering a Cell Company also take the following into consideration:

Due diligence on the Cell Company itself
Lock-in effects with a facility provider: brokers and insurers provide the facilities, but there are also some independent facility providers

This may unlock the potential for an in-house insurer allowing you to pool your risks centrally and finance them in the most efficient manner, while operating in the most light weight manner.

Check my previous blogs of this serie:

Mark Roelands

Risk and Compliance Specialist

Live 30-minute Demo Session – Cash is King | 6 and/or 20 November 2020

| 29-10-2020 | TIS |

When the world is getting flat and the business landscape is changing almost real-time, what are the challenges and opportunities for CFOs and Treasurers?

Learn:

How to keep your finger on the pulse of the global cash flow.
How to orchestrate thousands of domestic and cross-border payments worth millions while staying informed and compliant.
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You can choose from two dates in November 2020.

US Election: how would Democratic and Republican victories impact the US dollar?

29-10-2020 | treasuryXL | XE |

Regardless of the winner, there will be motion in the currency markets. Are you prepared?

In just one week, the 2020 United States presidential election will draw to a close.

While many are making their predictions based on recent polling data, as time has shown (just look at the 2016 election), the polls are not definite, and the United States could conceivably see a victory for either Biden or Trump.

Whatever the result of the election may be, it will likely cause movement in the currency markets, and lead to changes in the value of the US dollar (and potentially other world currencies as well).

Volatility in the currency markets can dramatically impact individuals and businesses alike. Are you prepared for what could happen?

How will a Biden win affect the dollar?

In our previous post on the topic, here’s what we had to say:

Traditional wisdom would dictate that a Biden victory could lead to huge spending and tax increases which could see the Dollar weaken further, however many now believe that a safe and stable pair of hands for the US recovery from the COVID pandemic may just be the thing the Dollar needs to rebound.

Even today, you’ll see conflicting forecasts regarding a Biden victory. Some maintain that a Biden victory will lead to a drop in the dollar’s value. Earlier this month, the dollar fell to a nearly three-week low (its second straight week of downward motion), with many attributing its drop to increasing expectations of a Biden victory. Others believe that the greater uncertainty toward the Biden administration’s attitude toward the dollar may result in greater volatility.

However, others have stated that a Biden victory would be the “best possible outcome” for the dollar seeing as, between 1980 and 2016 (but excluding the 1984 and 2008 elections), the dollar rose an average of 4% following Democratic victory, as opposed to the average 2% jumps when Republicans were victorious. Additionally, many investors are reducing their bets on extreme currency market volatility in the event of a Biden victory.

What will happen to the Dollar if Trump wins?

After Trump’s victory in the 2016 election, the dollar did rise, and some predict that it will do so again. However, the US dollar Index has dropped more than 7% since his inauguration in 2017. Yet on the other hand, as stated above, the dollar does tend to strengthen immediately following a US presidential election, regardless of who wins (in fact, only 1 of the 10 elections since 1980 saw a drop). Many still predict a stronger dollar following a Trump victory, due to the administration’s support for fiscal stimulus as well as the fact that there would be less uncertainty in reelecting Trump over electing a new president.

What else?

Due to the much higher-than-usual frequency of mail-in ballots and early voting during this particular election, it’s possible that the winner will not be announced on Tuesday November 3, and will be delayed by a few days or more. A delayed announcement or a contested winner would extend the period of uncertainty, and almost certainly lead to a fall for the dollar.

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Partner Interview Series | This is a must read story about Enigma Consulting

27-10-2020 | treasuryXL | Enigma Consulting |

Get inspired by the extensive and catchy story of Robert-Jan Wekking about Enigma Consulting. Robert-Jan takes you into the warm corporate culture, mission, expertise, innovation and their continues investment in knowledge with great examples.

Enigma Consulting is a revolutionary knowledge hub in the field of Payments, Digitisation, Risk & Compliance and Treasury. They are a connecting factor in the financial sector thanks to our consultants’ engagement with their clients, both banks and companies and solution providers.

AN INTRODUCTION TO

Robert-Jan has more than 25 years of experience in payment transactions and he advises corporate clients in the areas of treasury, risk management and bank connectivity.He understands the solutions in the market, both from the B2B and B2C perspective.

Robert-Jan switches easily between executive and operational level within companies and the banking sector, as he easily combines his strategic vision with substantive process and product knowledge. He has a wide network with contacts at all (international) banks, which can speed up the implementation of corporates connectivity with their banks.

We asked him 11 questions. Let’s go!

INTERVIEW

1. Tell us more about Enigma Consulting and its mission

Enigma Consulting has in-depth knowledge of all ecosystems that are relevant in payments, transaction value chains and financial markets. Transactional connectivity and digitization increase the prosperity and well-being of consumers, companies and the public sector and thus serve a social interest. Our mission is to contribute to the development of efficient digital transaction traffic and to ensure that this is done in an innovative, sustainable, honest and effective manner with controlled business operations. Combined with a correct attitude and behaviour, this contributes to the translation of legislation and regulations into ethical business operations and a better market position. We follow developments closely, research, analyse and make connections. Our consultants reflect, structure and help organisations to achieve their goals.

2. What is the core topic Enigma Consulting aims to address and how does it differentiate it from the other players in the market?

Digitalization is all about the exchange of data, whether these are payments, information, identities, contracts, signatures or any other regular consumer or business transactions. The complexity of exchanging transactions is constantly increasing; regulations, fraud and data protection are just three of the factors impacting this complexity. On the other hand, innovative technology is continuously providing easier interaction between data, leading to better and integrated business propositions and making client journeys faster, more friction less and safer. This is exactly in this domain where Enigma operates. We leverage our in-depth knowledge of payments and transactions to advise and implement.

We distinguish ourselves from other players by looking at the end-to-end value chain, not only from the viewpoint of efficiency but also with a perspective on regulations and compliance. We understand the guiding laws and regulations and can translate them into practical advice to make sure that our clients remain compliant. We recognize that laws and regulations applying to financial institutions are becoming stricter and that attention is now also shifting towards corporates.

Our legal consultants are specialised in transaction and data related legislation, and we have strong connection with for example DNB and AFM in relation to our guidance of our clients.

Our consultancy practice focuses on the financial-, corporate- and retail sectors, hence we understand the complexities affecting those areas. With our knowledge of the ecosystems and vendor solutions we play the matchmaking role between individual client wishes and the solutions available in the market.

This combination of end-to-end view, legislation and compliancy, working in different sectors, and the matchmaker role gives us a unique position. The fact that we not only advise but also take responsibility for implementations during the past 20 years, makes us a trusted and recognized partner for our clients.

3. Why choose customers for Enigma Consulting?

Our knowledge of payments and other transaction processes is often the starting point for customers to reach out to us. Our capability to advise and implement solutions from an end-to-end perspective is the basis for our interaction with our customers. Additionally, customers also appreciate the fact that we are able to advise at a strategic level, but at the same time are pragmatic enough to look for feasible and not theoretical answers.

We have strong relationships with a number of our clients, some even stretching back over more than 20 years. This is something we foster, not only by delivering more than what is expected, but also by working closely together. For instance, our Treasury Barometer is an example where we cooperate with the Rabobank, whilst at the same time we are participating in a number of their projects.

At the end, it all comes together with trust, in the quality of delivery, in our people and in the overall relation. This is how we ensure that we will be shortlisted again the next time.

4. What has been the biggest challenge for Enigma Consulting regarding customer projects so far?

The most challenging projects are when we are asked to take end-to-end responsibility for delivering a complete project. Quite often, this means that we have a team onboard and the client is looking at us as lead consultant to get the job done. A good example is the setup of a complete bank payments infrastructure. Apart from the fact that these assignments are exciting and demanding, it is always challenging to make it happen in an environment with its own complexities.

For our individual consultants, stepping into a new assignment always has its own challenges.

Customers ask for us for different reasons, and our consultants have to quickly adapt to start advising the client. This means not only understanding the clients’ business, but primarily building trust relations with the client and their stakeholders. Hence for every consultant the adaptability towards the new environment is always an important challenge.

For myself personally, I am proud to have led a number of strategic programs, like SEPA, Instant Payments and iDIN. Besides building completely new products, the key challenge is always to work and build bridges between internal and external parties (Banks, DNB, governmental bodies) with sometimes opposing objectives. Working with all these parties and ultimately developing a new product is what makes me happy and proud of my role as consultant.

5. Can you tell us in what sector you see the most innovative developments regarding payments and how does Enigma Consulting react to these?

One of the most exciting aspects of payments is the continuous innovation in the field. However, it is never a revolution but more an evolution. An example are the digital currencies. I believe that in the long run, these might become as important as, or even replace, the current way of paying. But it will take many years to get there. Where it started with the cryptos and Facebook’s Libra, the central banks are now seriously embracing it.

Additionally, the technical transitions to APIs and SaaS, Open Banking and Instant are ingredients for completely new business innovation. Through API and SaaS, corporates can select best in class software modules and integrate them, rather than select single platforms that will still sub-optimise their process. The introduction of Instant Payments in Europe will ultimately change the way the treasurer needs to forecast and manage their accounts.

In the B2C or C2C world, the client journey will continuously improve, seamlessly and friction less, with data integration as a key element.

Through our assignments, we are constantly in the middle of this innovation. For example, we are the leading consultancy firm in the Netherlands for supporting FinTechs, cryptos and payment software companies with their PSD2 application. Our role in digital identity and Mobility as a Service provides us with insights in yet other areas of innovation.

In order to keep all our consultants informed, we have a weekly meeting with our consultants to discuss the latest trends.

We also leverage this knowledge to assist our clients with their questions around innovation. For this purpose, we have initiated the Enigma Innovation Lab, an accelerator environment to answer client specific questions around innovation, vision building or technical solutions by injecting are our own knowledge combined with our ecosystem of solution providers and subject matter specialists, all facilitated by various methodologies like Design Thinking.

6. Do you experience differences in the world of payments before COVID19 and the time we live in now? What are the differences?

The differences are not that when you look at the regular payment products themselves. But we do see COVID as a steppingstone for digitalization. E-commerce and e-commerce payments have shown significant growth and people are spending increasing amounts of time online. The volumes of payments facilitated by Payment Service Providers are going through the roof.

Also “Cash is King” is the phrase that everybody uses, but this should now be “Digital Cash is King”. Volume of physical cash is dropping significantly, being taken over by contactless payments.

I believe these are just indicators for a bigger change, which is the acceptance of the consumer to step into a full mobile journey.

Customers are now more familiar with working with a cashless wallet and seem also to be willing to adapt faster to other contactless, digital processes. Examples are registration, ordering food and payments in restaurants (for example via QR). But also using mobile apps to order your groceries. Clearly, this has already been taking place for many years, but I believe that COVID has accelerated this transformation through necessity. People are therefore more willing to change their attitude. What is interesting is whether this transformation will continue, or whether people will step backwards to the old normal or step forward to a new normal.

For the retail sector and corporates, before COVID they already had to understand how to become more relevant in the mobile cashless digital world. COVID is demanding corporates to speed up this thought process.

7. How does the future of payments look like in your perspective? And how will it change the world?

Digital currencies will be an important element in our future, adopted stepwise, and will be overlooked by market systems and regulators. There will be a continuous drive for integrating payments in the client journey, seamless, frictionless and supporting the Internet of Things. Hence payments will be a key enabler of future growth towards the digital world. Digitization is also very attractive for fraudsters, money laundering etc, as your counterpart is not always visible anymore. The need for trustworthy digital identities will be an important building block for this roadmap.

At the same time, the pressure of fraud, regulations and compliance will shift from banks to other parties (corporates) in the end-to-end value chain. Where banks are currently the gatekeeper, corporates will have to integrate this responsibility in their own business processes.

Hence the roadmap to digital, whether it is digital payments, or any other data transaction, will demand continuous change from all parties in the value chain. This will be a stepwise change, but fast enough to need to keep an eye on it.

8. What has been the biggest success for Enigma Consulting?

The biggest success for Enigma is that we have made a transformation from payments “only” to understanding the full transaction, risk and data value chain. For example, we have made a transition from bank payments to treasury payments and risk processes, but also from payments to compliance, and to integrated transactions and data models.

During this period, we have also changed our internal organisation. We have been running a number of Young Professional Programs. These next generation talents bring us a more diverse view of the world, which makes our proposition to the market stronger and our internal culture more diverse. As a result, we believe that we have the foundation for supporting our clients, now and in the future, with a passion for payments and transactions.

9. How does Enigma Consulting keep on innovating and stay one step ahead of its competitors?

Our ambition is to be recognised as a though leader in the domain of payment and transactions. Investing in knowledge is the basis for our current and future advisory services.

This means that we continuously invest in gaining and sharing knowledge with our consultants and clients. We have organised this in a number of ways.

We have introduced the so-called Theme Lifecycle within Enigma. When we expect a theme becomes relevant for our business, now or the future, we start a workgroup to progress this theme from idea through different stages. It starts with writing a one pager based on study and analysis, called the exploring stage. We validate the readiness for every next stage (exploring, campaigning, harvesting) so that we invest time in those subjects that also become relevant for the market. All our consultants participate in one or more themes, which helps keep them engaged with innovation and market developments.

Every week we organise meetings to discuss news and articles. On turn, every consultant is responsible to select a number of articles to be discussed during this half hour meeting.

For our clients, we have regular Breakfast and Brains meetings to share our insights and to have open discussions on a specific subject. The success is that clients that even might compete in a certain sector, are always willing to learn and share from our and other clients’ experiences.

Finally, we also participate in and cooperate with FinTechs. We support them by leveraging our network of solutions, whilst their innovative ideas are a good source for future improvements, leading to a broader ecosystem that benefits our clients.

10. We are heading to the end of 2020, can you give us an outlook on the scheduled developments for the upcoming year?

The best outlook would be that we leave COVID-19 behind us, however I think that COVID will strongly influence the developments and investments in 2021. There are a number of scheduled developments which will impact corporate clients. Corporates will have to put their capacity in the IBOR Migration. Also, the transition to XML messages will impact the operating architecture and bank connectivity of corporates. In parallel, the transition to instant payments including batches will have to be put on the calendar of the finance function.

And in parallel, it is recommended to continue to look at the potential of open banking and further integration of payments data in the corporate business processes. An example is how payment data can improve the risk profiles of insurance companies.

In summary, enough subjects to keep an eye on. Sitting still and waiting is not an option.

11. A great initiative is that Enigma Consulting supports charity projects, what kind of charity projects does Enigma Consulting support, why and how?

The why should never be a discussion, the real discussion is what you can do. One of our activities is the ZEPA challenge. Our consultants do like sports, and a lot of them love to cycle. When the transition to SEPA was going on, some of our consultants took the initiative for this challenge: cycling from Zeist to Paris in 24 hours. We have done this now 3 times, and a number of our clients’ employees have also participated. This year’s event was cancelled, but we are already “ready” for the next challenge. There is not a fixed charity goal, the last charity was support for the education of young refugees.

Apart from the above, we have a warm partnership with “Goede Doelen” charity organisations in Netherlands and facilitate a free payments helpdesk for them.

It is of crucial importance to us to participate in an open and honest society, in which diversity and inclusion are critical. This is important for our own culture, as as an organisation we benefit from our consultants and they, in turn, foster these values in their personal lives.

Appropriate funding, where do you get it? (Dutch item)

| 26-10-2020 | Stichting MKB Financiering | treasuryXL

Uit het onderzoek naar de ontwikkeling van de zakelijke non-bancaire financiering in Nederland dat SMF in juni publiceerde bleek dat de omvang van de non bancaire financiering (€ 2,6 miljard) zó groot is geworden dat niet meer gesproken wordt van alternatieve financiering, maar van non-bancaire financiering. De groei vindt plaats in alle delen van de financieringsmarkt van het MKB (zowel de kleine financieringen als ook de grotere miljoenenverstrekkingen). Tevens werd geconstateerd dat met name bij de financieringsvolumes tot € 1 miljoen het volume van de bancaire financieringen jaarlijks afneemt versus een toename van non-bancaire verstrekkers. De non-bancaire financiers nemen de financieringsrol van de banken in dat segment langzaam maar zeker over.

Het aanbod van financiering is groot en divers geworden, waardoor het voor ondernemers niet altijd duidelijk is waar zij het beste een financiering kunnen aanvragen. De rol van gespecialiseerde financieringsadviseurs wordt in deze markt belangrijker. Zij kunnen de MKB ondernemer begeleiden in hun zoektocht naar financiering. In eerder gepubliceerde blogs hebben wij de verschillende aanbieders van financiering besproken. Onderstaand is een samenvattend overzicht, verdeeld over 4 groepen, opgenomen. Tenslotte is een tabel toegevoegd: dit geeft antwoord op de vraag welke aanbieders gespecialiseerd zijn in welke obligo’s (omvang van bedragen).

Voor het overzicht onderscheiden wij 4 hoofdgroepen van geldverstrekkers:

1. Non-bancaire geldverstrekkers

Hieronder rekenen wij de financiers die onderwerp waren van het onderzoek van SMF:

Crowdfunding / crowd finance
Direct lending / investeringsplatforms
Kredietunies
Factoring
Leasing
Vastgoed financiering
MKB beurs

2. Keten- en transactie financieringen

Hieronder vallen allerlei (creatieve) financieringsoplossingen die partijen in de keten, binnen hun transacties, met elkaar overeenkomen.

Leverancierskrediet; hieronder valt niet alleen het gewone leverancierskrediet. Een leverancier kan ook in een éénmalige transactie medefinancieren d.m.v. een vendorloan (verkoop onroerend goed, verkoop onderneming, verkoop machines, etc.)
Afnemersfinanciering: Afnemers die vooruit betalen financieren het werkkapitaal van een onderneming.
Fiscus: met de fiscus kan men bij achterstand soms goede afbetalingsregelingen overeenkomen. Belangrijk is dat de fiscus “als gewone financier” volledig wordt geïnformeerd en betrokken.

3. Eigen netwerk

Ook het eigen netwerk kan een heel creatieve bron van financiering zijn. Onder deze categorie scharen wij

Eigen inbreng van de ondernemer
FFF: Family, Friends en Fans
WNP: Werknemersparticipatie
Informal investors
“collega” ondernemers: andere ondernemers uit het eigen netwerk die elkaar helpen

4. Overige traditionele verstrekkers

In bovenstaande categorieën zijn al enkele langer bestaande geldverstrekkers vermeld (zoals factor- en lease maatschappijen). De nog niet genoemde traditionele verstrekkers zijn

Banken en
Participatiemaatschappijen

Wie is jouw financieringspecialist?

Het aanbod van financiering is groot. Door het grote aantal verschillende financiers is het de vraag: Wie is SPECIALIST in welk obligo? Immers, voor een financiering van € 10.000 kun je beter niet aankloppen bij een bank. Voor een financiering van € 10 miljoen moet je niet bij een Kredietunie zijn. In onderstaande tabel hebben wij d.m.v. sterren aangegeven tot welke partijen je het beste kan richten. Hierbij zij opgemerkt dat het een indicatieve indeling betreft.

Aanstal sterren

Blanco : Betreffende geldverstrekker richt zich niet of niet primair op deze obligo’s

∗ : Binnen de groep van deze geldverstrekkers zijn er (enkele) financiers te vinden die betreffende obligo’s verstrekken.
∗∗ : deze obligo’s vormen een belangrijke groep voor deze verstrekker
∗∗∗ : In deze obligo’s is de betreffende geldverstrekker een specialist

	< € 50k	< € 250k	< € 1 mln	< € 2,5 mln	< € 10 mln	> € 10 mln
Non-bancair	Toelichting
Crowdfunding		∗	∗∗	∗∗∗	∗∗∗
Direct lening / investeringsplatforms	Platforms hebben verschillende doelgroepen. Er zijn platforms die zich beperken tot € 50.000, er zijn platform die starten vanaf € 500.000. Per categorie zijn er specialisten	∗∗∗	∗∗∗	∗∗∗	∗∗∗	∗∗	∗
Kredietunie		∗∗∗	∗∗∗
Factoring	Kan per factormij verschillen	∗	∗∗	∗∗	∗∗∗	∗∗∗	∗∗∗
Leasing	Kan per leasemaatschappij verschillen	∗∗∗	∗∗∗	∗∗∗	∗∗	∗∗	∗
MKB Beurs					∗∗∗	∗∗∗	∗∗
Vastgoedfinanciering		∗	∗∗∗	∗∗∗	∗∗∗	∗∗

Keten / transactie
Leveranciers		∗∗∗	∗∗
Afnemers		∗∗∗	∗∗
Fiscus		∗∗∗	∗∗

(Eigen) netwerk
Eigen inbreng		∗∗∗	∗∗	∗
FFF		∗∗∗	∗∗∗	∗∗
WNP	WNP is primair een arbeidsvoorwaarde	∗	∗	∗
Informal investors		∗∗	∗∗	∗∗	∗
Ondernemers		∗∗∗	∗∗

Traditioneel
Bank	Kleine obligo’s worden met standaard-producten bediend		∗	∗	∗∗	∗∗∗	∗∗∗
Participatiemaatschappijen				∗	∗∗	∗∗∗	∗∗∗

Ga voor minimaal 3 sterren

Dit overzicht sluit aan bij de gesignaleerde trend in de markt: de non-bancaire financiers zijn op dit moment in toenemende mate de specialisten voor financieringen tot € 1 miljoen en zij spelen in het segment tussen € 1 en € 2,5 miljoen een steeds belangrijkere rol. In de grotere financieringsvolumes spelen de banken vooralsnog een dominante rol.

Ben je dus op zoek naar passende financiering check het bovenstaande schema en ga dan minimaal voor 3 sterren!

www.stichtingmkbfinanciering.nl

Bron

The US Election, the Dollar, and the Pound: what’s the forecast?

22-10-2020 | treasuryXL | XE |

Currently both election polls and the betting odds predict a clear lead for Joe Biden. However, it is important to cast your mind back to the night before the 2016 election when the same polls and odds had had Hillary Clinton as the clear favourite.

The United States presidential election is just over a few weeks away. For the US citizens, these last few weeks leading up to Election Day are going to be a whirlwind.

One of the areas that this election could have a major impact is on the value of the US Dollar. Earlier events this year such as the coronavirus pandemic have already led to fluctuations in the dollar’s value, and the election of a new president—and all that comes with it—could potentially lead to more.

What’s the forecast?

Currently both election polls and the betting odds predict a clear lead for Joe Biden. However, it is important to cast your mind back to the night before the 2016 election when the same polls and odds had had Hillary Clinton as the clear favourite.

The currency markets will have priced in a Biden victory to a certain extent, and therefore should Biden manage to displace the current president we could see a relatively muted reaction. If Donald Trump manages to hold onto the White House we could expect to see a
significant unwinding of positions that were based on an assumed Biden victory.

Traditional wisdom would dictate that a Biden victory could lead to huge spending and tax increases which could see the Dollar weaken further, however many now believe that a safe and stable pair of hands for the US recovery from the COVID pandemic may just be the thing the Dollar needs to rebound.

Looking at levels, the below Reuters FX Poll shows that markets are expecting the Pound to hold steady with a weakening US Dollar showing smart money targeting a level of 1.3000 at year ending climbing to 1.3400 by mid 2021.

How should businesses respond?

Nobody knows for certain where the markets could go next, and this uncertainty and volatility can have both a negative and positive impact on company bottom line, particularly where there is an exposure to USD.

With expert guidance from Xe, your business can confidently navigate the choppy waters of financial uncertainty.

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About XE.com

XE can help safeguard your profit margins and improve cashflow through quantifying the FX risk you face and implementing unique strategies to mitigate it. XE Business Solutions provides a comprehensive range of currency services and products to help businesses access competitive rates with greater control.

Deciding when to make an international payment and at what rate can be critical. XE Business Solutions work with businesses to protect bottom-line from exchange rate fluctuations, while the currency experts and risk management specialists act as eyes and ears in the market to protect your profits from the world’s volatile currency markets.

Your company money is safe with XE, their NASDAQ listed parent company, Euronet Worldwide Inc., has a multi billion-dollar market capitalization, and an investment grade credit rating. With offices in the UK, Canada, Europe, APAC and North America they have a truly global coverage.

Are you curious to know more about XE?
Maurits Houthoff, senior business development manager at XE.com, is always in for a cup of coffee, mail or call to provide you detailed information.

Visit XE.com

Visit XE partner page

What is a forward exchange contract? (Dutch item)

| 21-10-2020 | Erna Erkens | treasuryXL |

Een valutatermijncontract is een contract tussen twee partijen met een valutadatum in de toekomst (bijv. 1,2,3 6 of 12 maanden), maar waar u nu de valutakoers voor afspreekt. Die staat dus vast.

Ongeacht hoe de koers beweegt tijdens de looptijd van uw termijncontract. U weet precies waar u aan toe bent. Het is één van de manieren om uw bedrijf te beschermen tegen een valuta- / wisselkoersrisico.

Als u internationaal handelt en u gaat een bedrag in een vreemde valuta ontvangen of betalen, dan kan dit valutarisico’s met zich meebrengen. Doordat de valuta- / wisselkoersen veranderen kan uw resultaat worden beïnvloed. Dit kan positief maar ook negatief zijn. Een valutatermijncontract is een manier om dit risico beperken.

Een valutatermijncontract kan voor u dus interessant zijn als u nu al weet dat u in de toekomst een bedrag in vreemde valuta moet betalen of gaat ontvangen. Maar als de wisselkoers op de afgesproken datum gunstiger is dan op het moment dat u het termijncontract heeft afgesproken profiteert u daar niet van. Daar tegen over staat, dat als de koers veel slechter geworden is in de tussenliggende periode kost u dat ook geen geld.

U moet er wel zeker van zijn dat u het bedrag in de vreemde valuta moet betalen of ontvangen. U gaat immers een contract aan en u bent verplicht om de afgesproken hoeveelheid vreemde valuta te kopen of verkopen op de afgesproken datum. Ook als uw internationale overeenkomst niet door gaat. Een valutatermijncontract is geen geschikt instrument als u nog in het offertestadium zit met de andere partij. Als de opdracht toch niet doorgaat,
kunt u het valutatermijncontract namelijk niet meer zonder kosten beëindigen. Tijdens een offerte periode kan een valuta optie een oplossing zijn.

Voordelen van een valutatermijncontract

Het afsluiten van een valutatermijncontract brengt een aantal voordelen met zich mee.

U bent beschermt tegen ongunstige koersontwikkelingen voor het afgesproken bedrag en de afgesproken looptijd.
U heeft duidelijkheid en zekerheid over de kosten of de opbrengsten in Euro’s.

Wat spreekt u af in een valutatermijncontract?

U sluit een overeenkomst met een andere partij, meestal uw bank of een valutabroker, waarin u afspreekt:

Welke valuta u wilt kopen en welke valuta u wilt verkopen.
De looptijd van de transactie. Dus per welke datum u de aan-/verkoop wilt doen. De datum heet in het contract de valutadatum.
De wisselkoers waarop u de transactie wilt afsluiten. De vastgelegde wisselkoers wordt de termijnkoers genoemd.

Wat kost het afsluiten van een valutatermijncontract?

ls u een valutatermijncontract afsluit hoeft u hiervoor geen kosten te betalen. De kosten zijn al verwerkt in de wisselkoers (marge) en er zijn verder geen andere kosten. Als u de zaak doet bij een valutabroker moet u nog een (meestal kleine) vergoeding betalen voor de betaling van de bedragen en misschien ook voor de ontvangsten op de rekening van de broker. Bij de bank gaat het op de vreemde valuta rekening en daar zijn verder geen kosten aan
verbonden. Voor de eventuele betaling moet u ook wel transactiekosten betalen maar deze vallen niet onder de kosten van het termijncontract.

Wat als u het valutatermijncontract toch tussentijds wilt beëindigen?

Het is tijdens de looptijd niet mogelijk om de overeenkomst kosteloos te beëindigen. Het is wel mogelijk om nog een valutatermijncontract af te sluiten, maar dan tegengesteld. In dit contract worden dezelfde bedragen en
valuta opgenomen, alleen tegen de huidige wisselkoers. In de nieuwe wisselkoers zijn dan weer de kosten (marge) voor de bank opgenomen. Op de afgesproken valutadatum worden dan beide valutatermijntransacties afgewikkeld op de rekening. Wat overblijft is het verschil in geld tussen de 2 koersen van de twee valutatermijncontracten. Er blijft dan dus een resultaat over. Dat kan voor- of nadelig zijn.

Wat gebeurt er als u de valuta later moet betalen of later ontvangt?

Als door omstandigheden de datum van betaling of ontvangst uit de originele overeenkomst verschuift, kunt u het valutatermijncontract verschuiven door gebruik te maken van een valutaswap. Wilt u hier mee over
weten, mail mij dan op [email protected].

Hoe werkt het in de praktijk: een voorbeeld van een valutatermijncontract

Er is een bedrijf Cool Fashion BV. Cool Fashion BV zit in het hogere segment van de herenmode. Cool Fashion BV laat voor het eerst een deel van de collectie produceren in China. De afspraken zijn gemaakt en kleding is over 6 maanden in de haven van Rotterdam. Het gaat om een levering van USD 250.000. Op het moment dat beide partijen akkoord zijn, is de EUR/USD koers 1.1250. De Chinese producent wil in USD betaald worden. Deze USD moeten worden
aangekocht door Cool Fashion BV. De betaling gaat in 2 keer. USD 125.000 na 3 maanden en USD 125.000 als de kleding in Rotterdam aankomt, dus over 6 maanden. Cool Fashion BV heeft als calculatiekoers aangehouden 1.1000 in de boekhouding.

Cool Fashion BV kan wachten met de aankoop van de USD tot de datum van de betaling. Dus over 3 maanden USD 125.000 kopen en over 6 maanden weer USD 125.000. De kans is heel groot dat de EUR/USD koers tussendoor flink beweegt. Deze koersbeweging kan van grote invloed zijn op de winst op dit deel van de collectie.

Cool Fashion BV kan er voor kiezen om op het moment van het akkoord tussen Cool Fashion BV en de producent uit China de USD op termijn aan te kopen. Dat kan door een valutatermijncontract af te sluiten.

Wat is een termijncontract?

Een termijncontract is een afspraak met bijvoorbeeld een bank, waarin Cool Fashion BV nu de afspraak maakt met hun bank om nu met een looptijd van 3 maanden de eerste USD 125.000 aan te kopen met een valutadatum 3
maanden verder.

Stel het is 1 juli, dan zal Cool Fashion BV USD 125.000 per 1 oktober aankopen. De USD worden dan op 1 oktober (als dit een werkdag is) op de USD rekening geboekt en de Euro’s worden ook op 1 oktober ten laste van de Euro rekening geboekt. Bij het afsluiten van een termijncontract is het noodzakelijk om een vreemde valuta rekening te hebben, in dit geval een USD rekening. Er moeten ook een aantal documenten w orden getekend met de bank en er moet (interne) limietruimte voor zijn. Dit is een onderdeel van de kredietpositie de klant bij de bank heeft.

Stel de actuele koers van de EUR/USD is 1.1250. Dan is op dit moment de termijnkoers over 3 maanden 0.0021 hoger. Dus is de koers per oktober 2020: 1.1250 + 0.0021 = 1.1271.

Het verschil tussen 1.1250 en 1.1271 noemen we het agio.

Er is sprake van een agio als de termijnkoers hoger is dan de actuele koers van vandaag. De oorzaak ligt in het renteverschil tussen de 2 valuta’s in het betreffende valutapaar. In dit geval is de Euro rente lager dan de USD rente. Dit verschil was 6 maanden geleden nog veel groter. Toen was het verschil tussen de USD rente en de Euro rente veel groter. De USD rente was toen veel hoger dan nu. De FED heeft sindsdien een aantal keer de rente verlaagd door onder andere de coronacrisis.

Cool Fashion BV kan ook de 2e USD 125.000 per 1 januari 2021 (6 maanden) aankopen met een termijncontract. De koers van vandaag is 1.1250 het agio voor 6 maanden is 0.0045 punten.

Dus dan is de termijnkoers 1.1250 + 0.0045 = 1.1295.

Dit is als u koper bent van USD en dus verkoper van de EUR een voordeel. Als u verkoper bent van de USD en koper van de EUR, dan is dat voor u een nadeel. De aankoop van de Euro’s wordt duurder.

Het misverstand over termijnkoersen

Dagelijks heb ik contact met medewerkers van bedrijven, die internationaal handelen. Een bedrijf, wat internationaal handelt en een valutarisico heeft, krijgt vaak te maken met de termijncontracten. In een termijncontract staat de termijnkoers.

Een veelvoorkomend misverstand is, dat mensen denken dat als de termijnkoers hoger is dan de huidige koers, dit komt doordat de verwachting is dat de koers zal gaan stijgen. Dit is een misverstand.

De hoogte van de termijnkoers is niet afhankelijk van de verwachting van de koers, maar van het verschil van de rentestanden van de 2 muntsoorten in de valutakoers over de periode van het termijncontract. De termijnkoers is afhankelijk van het renteverschil tussen de 2 valuta van het valutapaar. We nemen als voorbeeld de
EUR/USD koers. De EUR rente is lager dan de USD rente. Dat zorgt ervoor dat de EUR/USD koers op termijn hoger is dan de koers van vandaag. Dat betekent dat als u koper bent van USD en verkoper van EUR de USD op termijn goedkoper wordt.

Hieronder vindt u wat dit op 3, 6 en 12 maanden voor u uitmaakt.

We gaan van een actuele EUR/USD koers uit van 1.1250

Wanneer u EUR/USD verkoopt en dus USD koopt op 3 maanden is de koers 1.1271
Dat is over USD 1.000.000 EUR 1.656.17 meer opbrengst

Verkoopt u EUR/USD en dus USD koopt op 6 maanden is de koers 1.1295
Dat is over USD 1.000.000 EUR 3.541.39 meer opbrengst

Verkoopt u EUR/USD en dus USD koopt op 12 maanden is de koers 1.1345
Dat is over USD 1.000.000 EUR 7.443.32 meer opbrengst.

Dus als u koper bent van USD en verkoper van Euro’s werkt de termijnkoers in uw voordeel. Als u verkoper bent van USD en dus koper van EUR werkt dit helaas in uw nadeel. Dit zegt overigens helemaal niets over het nut van het wel of niet aan- of verkopen op termijn. Het is wel iets om rekening mee te houden bij bijvoorbeeld de calculatiekoers die u berekend. Zeker als u verkoper bent van USD en koper van USD. Dan heeft u minder opbrengst in Euro’s.

Een valutatermijncontract is een complex financieel product. Laat u daarom altijd goed informeren door een financieel expert voordat u een valutatermijncontract afsluit.

Erna Erkens

Owner at Erna Erkens Valuta Advies (EEVA)

Bron

Technology in 2024: Is your trading desk ready?

20-10-2020 | treasuryXL | Refinitiv |

Traders around the world find themselves having to adapt quickly to AI and emerging technologies, the move to automation, and the need to demonstrate best execution.

To understand what this means for the future, Refinitiv teamed up with Greenwich Associates to produce a three-part series called ‘The Future of Trading’.

In our first report, we found broad consensus (78%) that technology has created better and more efficient financial markets. However, opinions vary on what will bring the greatest future impact—and how soon.

AI and machine learning are widely expected to be the most disruptive. Beyond that, perspectives are split: traders are looking for immediate impact from execution management systems (EMS) and from short and longer term investment in trade performance analytics. Across capital markets, though, the focus is firmly on long-term, strategic and defensive cybersecurity and real-time risk management solutions.

Access full report

Sign up for The Dutch Top 100 Credit Managers

19-10-2020 | treasuryXL |

De Vereniging Voor Credit Management (VVCM) start met het samenstellen van een Top 100 Credit Managers in Nederland. Heb jij als credit manager bijzondere projectresultaten behaald? Of ken je iemand anders die in deze lijst niet mag ontbreken? Lees dan verder…

Over de VVCM Credit Managers Top 100

De VVCM Credit Managers Top 100 zet jouw succes in de schijnwerpers. Deelname aan deze competitie kan jou helpen om de groeiambities van jouw bedrijf verder waar te maken, of je eigen carrière een boost te geven. Een nominatie levert ook contacten met andere koplopers en ingangen in het netwerk van de VVCM op.

De VVCM hecht veel waarde aan de professionalisering van het vakgebied Credit Management in het Nederlandse bedrijfsleven. Welke bijdrage lever jij hieraan? Heb je je workflow gedigitaliseerd of geautomatiseerd, maak je gebruik van innovatieve tools, heb je hick-ups in het order-to-cash proces op weten te sporen en geëlimineerd, heb je het bedrijfsresultaat geoptimaliseerd, het topmanagement van strategisch advies voorzien? Meld je aan!

Hoe werkt deelname?

Zoals elke wedstrijd kent de VVCM Credit Managers Top 100 spelregels. Bijvoorbeeld over wanneer je voldoet aan de criteria. Dat is eigenlijk al als je in een credit management functie werkzaam bent en leiding geeft aan een team. Het maakt niet uit wat je officiële functietitel is, of je lid bent van de VVCM of niet en welke sector je vertegenwoordigd. Iedereen is welkom voor deelname!

We zijn op zoek naar bijzondere, baanbrekende, laterale, innovatieve, verrassende initiatieven die een significant, aantoonbaar positief effect hebben gehad op de kwaliteit van creditmanagement. Beoordeling vindt plaats via expertpanels. Deze (externe) deskundigen beoordelen de inzendingen binnen hun vakgebied. Zij bepalen volgens dezelfde criteria de uiteindelijke volgorde en wie zich 1 jaar lang in de Credit Managers Top 100 kan profileren.

Wat mag je verder verwachten?

De VVCM wil jou graag helpen om een volgende stap te zetten. Dit doen we door:

De mogelijkheid om inspirerende blogs en vlogs de publiceren
De mogelijkheid tot het geven van een gastcollege of kennissessie
Een online event en aandacht via social media
Contacten met andere prominenten en partners

In de afgelopen jaren zijn er al veel Credit Managers van het Jaar uitgeroepen en de variatie is groot. Overeenkomst tussen al deze credit managers is dat ze als eindverantwoordelijke betrokken zijn geweest bij een verbeterproject waarin creditmanagement een prominente rol heeft gespeeld.

MELD JE AAN

What is a wire transfer, and is it the best choice for sending your money?

15-10-2020 | treasuryXL | XE |

At its simplest, the term “wire transfer” refers to the electronic transfer of money from one person to another, typically using a bank.

But this doesn’t mean wire transfer is just another term for “money transfer”. There are stark differences between money transfers and wire transfers.

Unlike online money transfers, wire transfers primarily use networks like the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) or Fedwire to transfer funds between banks. To make wire transfer (and why it’s different from online money transfer) crystal clear to you, let’s peek into the basics, such as how to wire money to someone, how fast it is, and whether it’s convenient (and to what degree).

What does it mean to “wire” money?

To wire money simply means to electronically transfer it from a sender’s bank account to the recipient’s one. You can use it to send money to a business or to another person, whether he or she is living on the other side of your street, or across the globe. It’s an alternative option for transferring money domestically or overseas to sending a money order or a check.

The term dates back to the late 1800s, when the necessary banking information was transmitted through telegraph wires. Though the transfer now happens electronically, the name has stuck.

Types of wire transfer

Wire transfers are of two types, domestic and international.

Domestic wire transfers take place within the same country.
International wire transfer is used to wire money between two different countries.

How does a bank wire transfer work?

First, you’ll need to go to your bank to conduct the wire transfer. You may be able to do this online or over the phone, but you’ll likely have to go in person. You’ll need to provide them with the following information:

The recipient’s name
The recipient’s BIC code (Bank Identifier Code) or SWIFT code
The recipient’s IBAN code (International Bank Account Number)
The recipient’s routing number (for domestic wire transfer)
The amount of money to be wired to the recipient

Next, you’ll have to deposit the money you want to wire, along with a separate transaction fee to be determined by the sending bank.

The sending bank then requests the receiving bank, via Fedwire or the SWIFT system, to credit the recipient’s account with the wired funds. One or more intermediary banks may also be involved in the process to facilitate the transfer (which likely means additional intermediary fees).

There’s no actual transfer of money. Once all banks have received the necessary information, the money is deducted from your bank account and added to the recipient’s bank account. And voilà—you’ve got your wire transfer process sorted!

How long does a wire transfer take?

Now that you know how to send a wire transfer, and have gathered all required information, setting up and initiating one is only a matter of minutes.

Depending on how soon you submit your request, banks within the US may process your wire transfer on the same day. International wire transfers take longer, but not more than 4-5 business days (at least, not usually).

There’s a specific reason why the processing time is different in both of these cases. In the case of domestic wire transfers, Fedwire or another real-time wire processing system clears the payments within a day. But since international wire transfers involve a domestic clearing house as well as a foreign processing system, these take an extra day or two.

How much does a wire transfer cost?

Bank wires are usually on the more expensive side than other types of electronic fund transfers. You may have to pay anywhere between $15 and $50 USD per transaction.

The bank levies a wire transfer fee, depending on the norms they follow and the transfer amount. At some banks, making wire transfers in-person or over the phone may cost more than wire transfers made through the bank’s website.

Of course, the fee also depends on whether the wire is domestic or international, and incoming or outgoing. Outgoing international wires are at the higher end of this price range, while incoming domestic wires are usually free to the recipient.

For example, the fees for international wire transfers going out of the US generally range from $45 to $50. At the same time, outgoing domestic transfers (if you’re in the US, and you wire money to someone else’s bank account within the US) usually cost between $25 and $30.

Some banks may also charge fees if you’re receiving wired money, though other banks may not. This fee may be between $8 and $10 for incoming transfers, or within the higher range of $15 to $20 at some banks.

Is wiring money safe?

Speaking of bank wires, these are less prone to risks of fraud than checks are. If a check bounces, several weeks may pass before you come to know that the payment was bad.

In contrast, you can’t initiate a wire transfer unless you have sufficient funds in your bank account, so it’s quite safe.

Is it more convenient than money transfers?

Uh, no. First of all, compared to money transfer, a wire transfer can cost you an arm and leg, as we’ve discussed above.

Secondly, with money transfer, you can complete the entire process from the comfort of your home, or from anywhere you are, as long as there’s an internet connection. But to send or receive a wire transfer, you have to contact your bank, or even go there in person during business hours. So you need to gather more information than a typical money transfer requires, take more time out of your day, and pay more in fees.

Yes, you can use a wire transfer to quickly transfer and receive money through a bank, even internationally, but that’s just about it. Overall, wire transfers are more expensive and less convenient than money transfers, which are usually hassle-free. That’s why we think you’ll have more peace of mind sending money with Xe.

Get in touch with XE.com

About XE.com

XE can help safeguard your profit margins and improve cashflow through quantifying the FX risk you face and implementing unique strategies to mitigate it. XE Business Solutions provides a comprehensive range of currency services and products to help businesses access competitive rates with greater control.

Deciding when to make an international payment and at what rate can be critical. XE Business Solutions work with businesses to protect bottom-line from exchange rate fluctuations, while the currency experts and risk management specialists act as eyes and ears in the market to protect your profits from the world’s volatile currency markets.

Your company money is safe with XE, their NASDAQ-listed parent company, Euronet Worldwide Inc., has a multi-billion-dollar market capitalization, and an investment-grade credit rating. With offices in the UK, Canada, Europe, APAC and North America they have truly global coverage.

Are you curious to know more about XE?
Maurits Houthoff, senior business development manager at XE.com, is always in for a cup of coffee, mail or call to provide you the detailed information.

Visit XE.com

Visit XE partner page