Tag Archive for: liquidity

Long term or short term debt – your choices

|18-5-2017 | François de Witte |

You might visit this site, being a treasury professional with years of experience in the field. However you could also be a student or a businessman wanting to know more details on the subject, or a reader in general, eager to learn something new. The ‘Treasury for non-treasurers’ series is for readers who want to understand what treasury is all about. Today our expert François de Witte will explain de difference between long term and short term debt.

One of the main tasks of the treasurer is to ensure that the company has the required funds to operate. The treasurer will usually contact the banks for this funding. They can also extend long term loans (LT) or short term loans (ST).

Raising short term debt has several advantages, because it is more flexible, there is a lower cost due to the lower margin (smaller risk profile than long term debt) and usually lower interest, funds can be raised quickly and usually, you can repay your debt without penalty.

However, there are some drawbacks. The required repayment comes quicker than for LT loans, there can be potential difficulties in renewing short term loans, and it will be more difficult to combine ST debt with a fixed rate interest.

For this reason, many corporates take up long term loans. It helps them to improve the financial structure (better liquidity ratio). During the term of the credit facility, there is no renewal risk, and long term loans can be taken up with fixed or floating interest. Many banks will see long term loans as a prerequisite to finance fixed assets and investments.

In that case, the corporate will have to accept a higher price on these loans, a longer set up time and a possible prepayment penalty in case there is a fixed interest rate during the long-term loan.

Financing policy

The classic financing policy aims to match the maturity of the financing with the maturity of the assets. Under this policy, long term assets will be financed by long term loan, and short term assets by short term loans. An area of concern are the working capital needs. Are these to be considered as long term assets as short term assets? Usually the uncompressible part of the working capital need is considered as a long-term asset, whilst the fluctuating part (including the seasonal requirement) is considered as short term asset.

Some companies use a more aggressive financing policy and chosse short term financing to finance all the working capital needs, which can be risky. Others are more conservative and use long term loans to finance also the fluctuating part of the working capital needs.

Bank Financing versus bonds or Commercial Paper financing

Usually midcorporates and smaller corporates will use bank financing, also for the long-term financing, because it is easier to be set up. There is no need to have a complex prospectus or to ask for an external rating and there are less disclosure and reporting requirements. In addition, there is more flexibility in the repayment schedule, and it will be easier to negotiate a floating rate.

However larger corporates, those with an external rating or a large name recognition, will also consider bond or Commercial Paper financing. The bond financing will allow for longer term maturities, and the possibility to lock in the interest rate for longer periods. Bonds and commercial papers enable a diversification of funding sources, and can be traded in the market. In addition, there is no obligation provide side business to the lenders.

Bond financing

The world’s bond market can be divided into two broad groups:

The domestic bond market (issued in a country by resident issuers)
The international bond market (issued in a country or in the international markets by non-resident issuers). These also include the Eurobonds

Different bonds

The most common bonds are the straight bonds. In this case, the issuer issues securities for a fixed term with an annual or semi-annual interest payment at a fixed rate.

Example: Issuer A issues on 10/6/2017 EUR 100 Million debt at 6 % for 7 years. In this case, the bondholders are entitled to receive an annual interest rate of 6 % (also called the coupon) on the 10th June of each year from 2018 until 2024, and the full reimbursement of the loan on 10/6/2024.

We also see quite frequently the issuance of Floating Rate Notes. This is a medium term or long term bond with a coupon based upon a floating rate based on a benchmark rate (e.g. Euribor or Libor) plus a “spread” based upon amongst others the credit quality of the issuer.

Zero-coupon bonds that do not foresee for periodic interest payments, but for the full reimbursement of the capital and interest at the final maturity of the bond.

Convertible bonds can be exchanged later or with another instrument, mostly shares. The coupon is usually lower because of the option granted to the bondholder.

Public bonds are bonds issued by a bank syndicate through a public offering with prospectus. These bonds are focusing both on the retail and on the professional investors. They also must comply with the specific requirements for the prospectus, which sometimes needs to be submitted beforehand to the competent authorities for approval.

A private placement (or non-public offering) is a bond issue through a private offering, mostly to a small number of chosen investors. Private placements have less heavy constraints in term of prospectus.

Since 2000, the global bond markets size has nearly tripled in size. Today it is worth more than $100 trillion

(Source: Bloomberg, June 2016).

François de Witte – Founder & Senior Consultant at FDW Consult & Flex Treasurer

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Better Decisions through real-time Reporting: Business Intelligence about Cash Flows & Cash Positions

|17-5-2017 | Joerg Wiemer | TIS | Sponsored content |

How do strategic professionals decide on the best path to success for their company? The key is in transparency and real-time reporting. If it comes to the responsibility of the treasurer or financial professional this means deciding about company-wide cash flow and liquidity levels, bank, customer and supplier relations and working capital.

When cash flow visibility is the lifeblood of your company, you want full control and knowledge. Direct access to insights on profitability and potential business risks allow users to drive better decisions based on solid business intelligence, accessible anytime and anywhere.

SCENARIO

Better decisions: Companies now have the power of the Business Discovery Manager – a business intelligence module within the TIS cloud platform. Supplier, salary and treasury payments can be easily analyzed along with cash flows, liquidity and working capital via easy-to-use dashboards and reports. The tool, enhanced through state-of-the-art BI technology, enables users to access all strategic insights in a single, flexible, web-based and multi-bank, multi-ERP capable platform available 24 hours a day from anywhere in the world.

Source: TIS Treasury Intelligence Solutions GmbH

Challenges

You can’t manage what you don’t measure

A lack of visibility over liquidity, working capital and cash flows at the C-level, in treasury, controlling, accounting, Sales and
purchasing departments.

No transparency regarding bank relationships, liquidity positions and account turnover
No transparency regarding customer and supplier relationships, as well as incoming and outgoing cash flow

TIS Business Discovery Manager

Company-wide unified automated analysis of cash flow, liquidity and working capital in various departments of Corporate headquarters and in local subsidiaries

Multi-bank capable
SAP ERP integration via certified plug-in; connection to any ERP, HR and treasury system
State-of-the-art BI technology and functionality in a single SaaS solution
Support of customer-specific BI tools; support of self-service BI functionality
Business Intelligence as a Service: Ready for use throughout the company within seconds without any complex IT projects
No changes to bank or system landscape required; the solution is flexible and easily adaptable
ISO 27001 certified for data security

Customer value

Better decisions based on complete visibility of liquidity, working capital and cash flows
Ability to quickly answer essential questions without the need for any extensive IT projects

Your benefits

C-Level executives:

Instant reports about cash flow performances (total of all inflows and payments) of the various local subsidiaries compared to one another over a specific time period
Identification of corporate risks and value-adding activities to drive future growth
Tangible insights to support internal and external audits
Power and data to provide strategic advice to sales and procurement departments

Treasury and controlling teams:

Answers to key questions, such as: How much liquidity is available at which bank? What is the net cash flow for a specific currency over a specific time period for a group of companies (natural hedge)? How much working capital does a local subsidiary require in a specific time period?
Increased compliance, transparency, and more efficient processes paired with reduced costs

Accounting teams:

Visibility of when a supplier was paid, or when a customer paid a local subsidiary over a certain time period
Insight into the value of inflows made by customers via various bank accounts and ERP systems over a specific time period

Sales teams:

Insight into the value of inflows made by customers and the overall payment behavior of the customer base

Purchasing teams:

Transparency across values of overall payments to a supplier via various bank accounts and ERP systems over a specific time period

Source: TIS Treasury Intelligence Solutions GmbH

Business Discovery Manager: never struggle to answer any of these business-critical questions again

Joerg Wiemer

CSO and Co-Founder of TIS

Short term loans for financing your company

|11-5-2017 | François de Witte | treasuryXL

You might visit this site, being a treasury professional with years of experience in the field. However you could also be a student or a businessman wanting to know more details on the subject, or a reader in general, eager to learn something new. The ‘Treasury for non-treasurers’ series is for readers who want to understand what treasury is all about.
Our expert François de Witte tells us more about an important task of a treasurer: funding, namely short term loans.

Background

One of the main tasks of the treasurer is to ensure that the company has the required funds to operate. The treasurer will usually contact the banks for this funding. The banks can extend secured or unsecured credit facilities. These can be long term or short term. In the current article, we will cover the unsecured short term loans.

Overdraft lines

The most flexible credit line is the overdraft loan: when providing an overdraft facility, the bank authorizes the company to go below zero on its account up to a certain amount. Overdrafts can be a good way to borrow money for a short period of time. For example, if you don’t have enough money in your current account to cover your outgoings, and are uncertain about when your accounts receivables will be collected, you can negotiate with your bank an overdraft limit. If in that case, you have say 1 million Euro of expenses you can pay them, even if your account balance goes below zero. Once you will collect the accounts receivables, the overdraft position will be settled.

Usually the banks charge in case of use of the overdraft facility an interest rate based upon the internal rate of the bank plus a margin, and in some cases an overdraft fee charged on the total amount of the facility.

Having an overdraft can act as a useful buffer to cover your peak cash needs. It is the most flexible loan, because, in case you have cash inflows, they can be immediately used to reimburse the facility. However if the cash need is more structural, overdrafts are not a very effective way of borrowing, because they may come with a higher rate of interest than some other loans such as the short term advances.

Short term advances

When you have a more structural cash need for a certain period of time, it can be useful to consider short term advances or straight loans. In this case, the bank will extend a short term advances (straight loans) facility.

When the client wishes to utilize this facility, he will ask for a drawdowns amount made available for an agreed upon period at an agreed upon rate. On the required date, the bank will make the amount available, e.g. 1 million Euro, on the account. At the maturity of the short term advance, the borrower needs to repay the advance and the interest. The interest is usually calculated on a benchmark, e.g. Euribor or Libor plus a margin.

The client determines the timing of the drawdowns. Advances are usually extended in the framework of a credit line, although in some cases, the client can just ask a punctual advance to cover a specific need.

Short term advances are less flexible then overdrafts. If you have a short term advance of say 1 million Euro for 1 month, and 15 days later you receive a large collection of say over 1 million, you cannot reimburse your short term advance, and will hence during the last 15 days pay interest on your short term advance, without any or almost any remuneration on your current account. For this reason, we recommend to use short term advance for long(er) term cash needs.

Conclusion

Overdraft facilities are the most flexible loans, but are quite expensive. If you have long(er) term cash needs, it might be useful to consider straight loans, as they are usually less expensive.

There exist many other solutions to finance the short term needs of your business, such as the financing of accounts receivables and factoring. This will be covered in a separate section.

François de Witte – Founder & Senior Consultant at FDW Consult & Flex Treasurer

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The IT Savvy Treasurer

| 9-5-2017 | Patrick Kunz |

We cannot switch on the news without hearing about technological advancements which, supposedly, make our lives easier, better or smarter. We all embrace these, get used to them and cannot do without them anymore. Sometimes we think back to the time before these advancements and cannot image how we lived without them. The same applies to treasury.

I am 35 years old; my experience in treasury was always linked to IT. I sometimes hear stories from older treasurer who worked without computers, later tabulating/punch cards and still managed to do a good job in their field. Of course times have changed; information is faster than in these days and also the need to process it. We all had to embrace the new technology. In this blog I will try to analyse the link between IT and treasury and try to make predictions about the future or at least where I wish the future would go (in treasury terms).

Payments

In the old days payments were a manual process with people entering them in the banking system or sending them to the bank via fax. Nowadays, we link our ERP system with the banking system and have a batch file automatically added to the bank. With bulk payments a payment hub can be used which will make the whole process bank independent, fast and cheap. If wanted and needed the whole process can be made straight-through by automating it from creating a payment to approving it.

The future will make payments even faster (instant payments should be possible in the sepa region from November onwards), cheaper and more bank independent (PSD2 regulation allows non banks to link with your bank and provide (payment) services). Maybe we will be using our facebook account for payments sooner or later. Bitcoin could be an alternative payment currency and/or be used to hedge non deliverable currencies (to achieve this the volumes need to increase significantly).

Risk management

An important part of the treasurers work is risk management. Hedging FX, interest rate, commodity prices are daily business for a treasurer. Doing the deal is easy, doing the right deal is more difficult. A treasurer can only hedge correctly if he knows what he is hedging: the exposure. To know the exposure information of the business is key. The reason for the exposure originates in sales (FX) or procurement (FX and Commodity). These departments need to be aware that the actions they take might have consequences for the treasurer and therefore the treasurer needs to have some information. I have been at companies where sales was daily generating a lot of USD exposure at a EUR company. They were supposed to let finance know about positions. Often this was done at day’s end or forgotten and done a day later. Result: an exposure on USD without the treasurer knowing it; a risky position. IT helped to fix this. Sales entered a deal in a program and the relevant FX exposure was automatically shared with the treasurer via an API to the Treasury Management System. The treasurer could decide directly whether he needed to hedge or not and even aggregated deals to get better rates at the bank. For small deals a link was set up with a FX trading platform to STP them at the best rate.

The future in risk management will be even more automation within the company (internal) but also with connections to banks and risk solution providers. Prices are becoming more transparent due to the fact that bank independent solutions are available which compare prices, in real time. Risk management sales is becoming less a bank business. Brokers are having less hurdles to enter the market, due to IT platforms in the cloud. Why pick up the phone and call your bank for a EUR/USD quote when you can compare prices via an online platform and directly trade it? Often you don’t even have to settle via your own bank accounts but you can have it directly sent to your customer or supplier.

For Trade Finance blockchain will become the new standard. The financing and shipping of commodities is a rather paper based process which is inefficient and slow. Blockchain could automate and improve the speed massively. The challenge to achieve this is big as there are many parties involved, but initiatives have started so the future is beginning now.

Information

As above examples show information is key to a treasurer. Even more so, as treasury is often a small team and most of the information comes from other departments. To get this information the treasurer can use several nice IT solutions. The ERP systems helps, but the treasury needs to know where to find the information. A treasury management system is often used to sort all treasury related information. TMS can link with ERP systems or other systems to gather information. The TMS will sort this information so that the treasurer is well informed and can make decisions. When I started in treasury 10 years ago the market for TMS was small; systems were expensive and limited in use (payments only, fx only etc). Nowadays a TMS does not have to be expensive anymore. A SME (Small medium enterprise) could use it to upgrade their treasury information. Most TMS can be used for all aspects of treasury (cash Management, risk management, corporate finance, guarantees etc). This will give the tech savvy treasurer an edge. The treasurer with most information can make the best decision. In treasury taking decisions while being well-informed often means either costs saving (e.g. better cash position, lower working capital) or lower risk. The IT savvy treasurer contributes to an optimally functioning company; he/she should be considered a business partner; he knows your cash position, your risk position and your balance sheet, hopefully in real time at all times.

Patrick Kunz

Treasury, Finance & Risk Consultant/ Owner Pecunia Treasury & Finance BV

Other articles of this author:

Flex Treasurer: The life of an interim treasurer

How much are you paying your bank?

Managing treasury risk: Liquidity Risk (VI)

|13-3-2017 | Lionel Pavey |

There are lots of discussions concerning risk, but let us start by trying to define what we mean by risk. In today’s article I will focus on liquidity risk. Many companies have very significant credit needs and this needs to be formally addressed with a credit analysis procedure in place. In my former articles I dealt with risk management, interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk, commodity risk and credit risk. See the complete list at the end of today’s article.

Liquidity risk comes in 2 distinct forms – market liquidity risk and funding liquidity risk.

Market Liquidity Risk

This relates to assets and potential illiquidity in the market and, as such, can be considered a market risk. In a normal functioning market it is always possible for market participants (buyers, sellers, market makers and speculators) to find each other and negotiate a price for their transactions. Assuming that the transaction is of a normal market size, there should be no dramatic change to the price of the asset after the transaction.

At the time of a crisis, participants could be absent from the market, making it difficult – if not impossible – to trade an asset. Sellers are left frustrated as there are no opportunities to sell the asset they are holding and vice versa for buyers. This can occur due to a financial crisis, changes in legislature, scarcity of an asset or someone attempting to corner the market. An asset generally will have a value, but if there are no buyers in the market that value can not be realised.

Liquidity risk is not the same as falling prices – after all prices are free to rise or fall. If an asset was priced at zero then it means that the market considers its value to be nothing. This is different from trying to sell an asset but not being able to find a buyer.

Markets for Foreign Exchange, Stocks, Shares, Bonds and many Futures and other derivatives are generally highly liquid. Off balance sheet products related to physical settlement can be less liquid as there is a need to actually provide physical settlement. Bespoke products like CDO’s can be considered illiquid as their size is normally small (relatively speaking) and not freely tradeable. Also the complexity needed to value the product affects its liquidity.

Housing is an asset class with very low liquidity – sometimes a property could be sold as soon as it hits the market. At other times the same property could be available for sale for many years and the price reduced regularly, without attracting a firm buyer.
The easiest and quickest way to see if there is a heightened market liquidity risk is via the bid – offer spread. If this is suddenly seen widening, this would imply that there appears to be more risk. In a normal, liquid market, the spreads are fairly constant and small, allowing participants to easily step in and transact. A widening of spreads occurs in a normal market when government data is published – nonfarm payrolls, balance of payment, etc. Within a short time the market will return to a normal spread as the information is properly digested and the market makers return. However, if the spreads widen without a publication event taking place, it is reasonable to assume that the risk has increased.
Additionally, risk could grow if reserve requirements were increased. In markets such as Futures, it is necessary to pay margin to the exchange. If these margin payments were increased, this would lead to transactions being more expensive and so lead to less liquidity in the market.

Market makers can also observe the market depth. This is shown by the quantity available for transacting at a particular price in their order books. When a market is perceived as being deep, it means there are many orders and, therefore, a large number of orders would be needed to move the market price significantly. The deeper the market, the more liquid the market.

Funding Liquidity Risk

This relates to the risk of not being able to settle debts when they are due. Treasury specialists in a corporate environment are acutely concerned with funding risk. Every month wages must be paid, together with tax and social premiums (pensions, insurance etc.) Additionally, it would be advantageous to pay trade creditors on time. Future liabilities also have to be funded after they have been recognized. This could mean arranging external financing.

If there is a liquidity crisis in the market, it becomes difficult and expensive to arrange to borrow the necessary funds. The price may be so high that the intended profit provided by selling the goods, is negated by the increased cost of funding. A reduction in the credit rating of a company can also lead to increased costs and a reluctance to lend.
If a company is known to have problems making payments, then the liquidity risk is specific to the company – the rest of the market will function normally.

Funding risk can also occur if creditors fail to pay you, or if an unforeseen event has occurred that leads to an outflow of cash from the company.
A company can initially perform a quick spot check to ascertain its current ratio. This shows if a company can meet its current liabilities with its current assets. A ratio of less than 1 would imply that the company can not meet all its obligations at the same time. However, this could also be because there is no short term finance arranged at that moment.
It is possible to arrange a line of credit with a financial provider. He defines a maximum loan (line of credit) that can be extended which the company may utilize. While it is normal to pay a standing charge for the balance of the line that is not being used, this can be offset by the knowledge that it is possible to drawdown against the line when needed (in normal circumstances). There is greater flexibility with a line of credit than with a traditional bank loan.

Other methods include –

i) Sell assets like stock that are slow moving and tying down cash

ii) Analyse all overheads – office equipment, expense claims

iii) Increase efficiency in the debtors’ administration. Be proactive

iv) Renegotiate with suppliers – better that you talk to them before it is too late

v) Design contingency plans

vi) Subject your business to stress testing

vii) Apply the techniques of ALM (asset and liability management)

Some very well known companies have fallen to liquidity problems – Bear Sterns, Lehman Brothers, Northern Rock, ABN Amro, AIG, etc. While the risks were prevalent before the crises, the main liquidity problems occurred when it was determined that there was no more time allowed for the situation to remain.
Time is the soul of business.

Lionel Pavey

Cash Management and Treasury Specialist

More articles of this series:

Managing treasury risk: Risk management

Managing treasury risk: Interest rate risk

Managing treasury risk: Foreign exchange risk

Managing treasury risk: Commodity Risk

Managing treasury risk: Credit Risk

Making the most of excess cash: The optimal balance between safety, availability and profitability

| 9-3-2017 | Pieter de Kiewit | TreasuryXL|

We came across this article from our expert Pieter de Kiewit in co-operation with a candidate on De Kiewit Treasurer Search and thought it interesting enough to share it with you.

To get inflation to its target of close to 2%, the ECB has launched an unprecedented package of measures. It cuts borrowing costs, expanded its QE programme and reduced bank deposit rate into negative territory. Interest rates are expected to remain at present low levels for an extended period of time. Great for those who need to borrow money, but depressing for the return on savings or excess cash.

Many commercial banks effectively already charge a negative interest rate on checkable deposits. They charge fees in excess of interest payments (if any). The new Basel rules may involve certain costs or risks, some banks may choose to pass these to their customers. Regulatory shift will have wide-reaching implications on cash pooling, cash deposits (distinction between operating and excess cash deposits) and Money Market Funds (liquidity fee and redemption gates will be imposed). The Basel Committee postponed the meeting scheduled for Jan. 8 on new capital standards. The good news is that it will take some time (2018/2019) before new regulations become fully operational.

Many companies now hold larger cash balances due to their growing sensitivity to the economic cycle and continued need for operational funding. Excess cash is a luxury and isn’t always a problem. However, keeping it on the book is often not the answer for a company’s long term health. Excessive non-earning cash balances create opportunity costs and decrease the rate of return on equity and the firm’s value.

What are your options after minimizing the cash balance in non-interest-bearing accounts? Each business has its own goals and financial outlook. The best thing to do with excess cash is manage it appropriately in line with strategic objectives and for the best risk-adjusted return possible, without sacrificing liquidity. You can sit on it, use it to buy property or assets, or invest it in commercial paper, money market funds, other mutual funds, bonds or stocks—or some combination of these things. Whatever you may choose, the process of investing excess cash should be integrated in overall cash management, with the same fundamental principles of keeping risk low and having the right amount of cash on hand for short-term and long-term needs.
Companies tend to have very low appetites for risk when it comes to investments. It’s not their business. Their primary objective is capital preservation and maintaining liquidity, and yield is third on the priority list.

Are you looking for investment solutions spanning a range of currencies, risk levels and durations, designed to suit specific operating, reserve and strategic cash management needs? Whatever your investment goals may be, a treasurer might be able to assist you in making the right decision with your excess liquidity. If hiring a treasurer is one step to far for your organisation, you might want to consider a Flex Treasurer. TreasuryXL can bring you in contact with treasury professionas of different disciplines.

Pieter de Kiewit

Owner at Treasurer Search

Treasury & amp; Working Capital Quick Scan Methodologie – Voorbeelden uit de praktijk

| 7-3-2017 | François de Witte | Patrick Kunz | treasuryXL

Als je ondernemer bent of als financiële professional werkt in een kleine of middelgrote organisatie die geen treasurer of cash manager in dienst heeft, vraag je je wellicht soms af of je alle treasury taken wel goed geregeld hebt. Iemand aannemen voor deze taken gaat misschien een stap te ver. Maar dat betekent niet dat je geen kosten zou willen besparen of dat er geen mogelijkheden zijn voor bijvoorbeeld funding.

Heb je al eens gedacht aan de mogelijkheid van een treasury quick scan?

Wij bieden je aan om deze quick scan voor je uit te voeren.
Een ervaren hands-on treasurer maakt een scan van jouw organisatie om te kijken of het de moeite waard is om te investeren in treasury. En vaak blijkt dat je door deze quick scan flink geld kunt besparen, zoals de volgende praktijkvoorbeelden laten zien.

Onderneming A: Productie onderneming in de verpakkingssector

(omzetcijfer ca. 150 miljoen euro)

A gebruikte voor zijn financiering een combinatie van EUR 5 MM met straight loans aan 2,25 % en EUR 3,5 MM met factoring (totale factoring faciliteit : EUR 10 miljoen) aan een rente van 0,75 % + 0,15 % flat op het omzetcijfer (of 225.000 euro op jaarbasis).
Een treasury quick scan maakte snel duidelijk dat er een besparingspotentieel was indien de onderneming een deel van zijn bankfinanciering verschoof naar de factoring. Het beroep op de factoring werd verhoogd naar EUR 7,5 miljoen, wat toegelaten heeft een jaarlijkse besparing toe realiseren van EUR 60.000.
De facturen werden niet altijd tijdig opgesteld en werden per post opgestuurd. De quick scan maakte duidelijk dat er besparingspotentieel was. Dankzij een strikter facturatieproces en het overgaan op e-invoicing is de onderneming er in geslaagd 3 dagen te winnen in de Order to Cash Cyclus of een besparing van ca EUR 1,25 miljoen aan werkkapitaal en ca. 30.000 euro aan financiële lasten.

Onderneming B: Groep die een aantal autoconcessies bezit

(omzetcijfer ca. 175 miljoen euro)

B gebruikte voor zijn korte termijnfinanciering (ca. EUR 13 miljoen) korte termijn kredietlijnen bij banken (financieringskosten voor van 1,90 %) en bij de financieringsmaatschappij van de importeur (financieringskosten van 1,10 %).
Een treasury quick scan maakte duidelijk dat er een besparingspotentieel was indien men een deel van de bankfinanciering verschoof naar de importeur financierings-maatschappij. In casu besloot de onderneming EUR 7,5 miljoen meer op te nemen bij deze, wat een jaarlijkse besparing aan rentelasten heeft toegelaten.
B had regelmatig credit saldi op een aantal bankrekeningen, terwijl ze debetsaldi op andere bankrekeningen had. Een van de aanbevelingen van de quick scan was het invoeren van een dagelijkse opvolging van alle banksaldi. Hierdoor is onderneming B erin geslaagd het gemiddeld uitstaand bedrag aan bankleningen te doen dalen met EUR 1,6 miljoen, wat een rentebesparing oplevert van 30.000 Euro.
B ondervond regelmatig vertraging in de incassering van facturen op leasingmaatschappijen, omdat de dossiers niet in orde waren (ontbrekende documenten, etc.). De quick scan maakte duidelijk dat een striktere opvolging van de procedures en keurige dossiers (first time right) zou toelaten de gemiddelde incassoperiode te reduceren van 23 naar 18 dagen. De onderneming heeft uiteindelijk een besparing van werkkapitaal van 800.000 Euro en een jaarlijkse rentebesparing van meer dan 15.000 Euro gerealiseerd.

Herken je een of meer situaties uit je eigen organisatie? Heb je een vraag? Onze experts zijn gaarne bereid om met jou in gesprek te gaan. Zij werken als Flex Treasurer en helpen jou graag verder. Overigens ook als je bijvoorbeeld na een treasury quick scan behoefte hebt, om tijdelijk een (flex) treasurer in dienst te nemen.

Patrick Kunz

Treasury, Finance & Risk Consultant/ Owner Pecunia Treasury & Finance BV

MEER INFORMATIE

Wil je gebruik maken van een treasury quick scan of een Flex Treasurer of heb je een andere vraag?
Of wil je je aansluiten als Flex Treasurer?
Pieter de Kiewit helpt je graag verder.

[email protected]
+ 31 (06) 1111 9783

Is your payments process limiting your business?

| 18-1-2017 | Treasury Intelligence Solutions GmbH (TIS) | Sponsored content |

With globalisation and an increasingly complex business environment, having an efficient and centralised payment system is vital to any multinational’s success. Recognising this, we at HSBC are proud to have successfully connected to Treasury Intelligence Solutions (TIS) in Asia for automated payment and bank statement processing.

Read more about the collaboration between TIS, HSBC and Netherlands-based Fugro Group, an international geophysics and geotechnics company, which did not have a central treasury department until Group Treasurer Simon Karregat established one in 2014. The Group had numerous ERP systems connected separately to the local banks via several e-banking tools.

“We have reached a unique milestone in Fugro. With great enthusiasm and dedication, we managed to have our payment entered in our ERP routed via TIS directly to the bank. This new setup will result in significant time saving on our operations as well as IT systems maintenance,” praises Karregat.

If you want to read more about this subject please click on in this whitepaper.

Optimize proceeds from business transfers

| 9-1-2017 | Peter Schuitmaker |

Prior to the sale of an SME, the shareholder/director is often advised to make early steps to prepare for a business transfer. This would increase the value at the moment of the sale, thus resulting in higher proceeds from this sale. At this point, many questions arise, like ‘what should be done?’, ‘how does this work?’ and ‘what are expected results?’. The lack of clear answers is a major cause for not making right choices and taking adequate steps in practice. Which leads to disappointing outcomes at the time of sale. Timely preparation for a business transfer is supported by four major pillars: working capital management, investment policy, cost effectiveness and business rigidity. My third book, titled “Werken aan Waardestuwers? Over waarde en klinkende munt!” (in Dutch) is about this topic.

In this book, the valuation process and the transaction process are elaborated. The valuation process induces the company’s value, as perceived by the buyer, which is fundamentally different as perceived by the seller as a result of the information asymmetry. The transaction process induces the company’s selling price, which is fundamentally different than the company’s value.

Werken aan Waardestuwers

In my book ‘Werken aan Waardestuwers’, the case of Charles’s (Dutch: Karel) carpentry KaKaBo is elaborated. KaKaBo is specialised in the production and installation of hardwood cabinets for high-end office environments. Charles plans to sell the business in three years and evaluates the company’s financial position and performance. From this evaluation, Charles learns that the financials appear to be fine: the EBITDA = 12,5%, the Income before Taxes is 6,5%, the Debt Service Capacity is 3,5 and the Solvency is 60%. At this point, Charles feels comfortable. But the valuation of the company, based on the Adjusted Present Value DCF method, gives rise to an uneasy feeling: the economic value of KaKaBo’s shares at the expected time of sale not much more than it’s book value. And the expected selling price, as a result of the transaction process, is even less than it’s book value. So, obviously, some work needs to be done.

The book describes the choices and concrete steps, which are taken by Charles. He improves the working capital management and reviews and adjusts his investment policy. This has an immediate effect on the cash-cycle of KaKaBo: an immediate cash-in, which adds to Charles’ proceeds.

Furthermore, Charles detects and eliminates some cost inefficiencies. This certainly proves to be not an easy job but effective nevertheless. Besides, Charles evaluates the dependencies on internal and external stakeholders. And above all: his role as dominant player in the operation. By this he achieves a more moderate risk-perception as seen from a buyers’ point of view. At the end, this leads to excess economic value of 67% over the company’s book value. And an expected selling price of more than 50% over it’s book value, due to better business transfer financing opportunities.

“Werken aan Waardestuwers” (ISBN: 9789082615616) is expected to be sold via bol.com in February 2017.

Peter Schuitmaker

Registered Advisor for Business Transfer and Succession

4 financiële problemen die bedrijven in gevaar kunnen brengen

Op FM.nl (Financieel Management) kunt u een artikel vinden over de vier financiële problemen, die de continuïteit van een bedrijf in gevaar kunnen brengen. Dit onderwerp werd uitvoerig besproken tijdens een opleiding risicomanagement van Alex van Groningen.

Het artikel gaat uitgebreid in op de vier problemen. Hier volgt een korte samenvatting:

1. Acuut probleem (illiquiditeit)

Bedrijven gaan vaak failliet, omdat ze geen cash meer hebben. Het gaat mis als er onvoldoende cash is om aan kortlopende financiële verplichtingen te kunnen voldoen. Met het werkkapitaal kunnen zich verschillende problemen voordoen:
● De hoeveelheid vlottende activa als percentage van de balans loopt te hoog op.

● Het probleem van onbeheersbare groei: vanwege snelle groei loopt de debiteurenpost te snel op.

● Wanneer een economische crisis uitbreekt, zoals de kredietcrisis van 2008, wordt liquiditeit schaars.

● Het grootste probleem ontstaat wanneer de cashflow snel daalt bij een achterhaald businessmodel terwijl de kosten/verplichtingen grotendeels hetzelfde blijven.

Je kunt werkkapitaal beoordelen met verschillende kengetallen: current ratio, quick ratio en netto-werkkapitaal. Echter, deze getallen zijn beperkt betrouwbaar omdat het momentopnamen zijn.

2. Chronisch probleem (organisatie is onrendabel)

Een onderneming kan jarenlang verlies lijden, maar toch blijven voortbestaan zolang er maar geld is. Wanneer de geldkraan wordt dichtgedraaid door de kredietverstrekker kan een chronisch probleem ineens een acuut probleem worden. Dit geldt bijvoorbeeld voor veel retailketens op A-locaties, die vanwege de enorme impact van internetwinkelen onrendabel werden. Terwijl de omzet per winkel terugliep bleven de vaste lasten, zoals huur, salaris en afschrijvingen, gelijk.

3. Structureel probleem (insolvabiliteit)

Van insolvabiliteit spreek je wanneer er iets mis is met de vermogensstructuur van een onderneming. Hoe hoger de leverage – het vreemd vermogen – hoe lager de solvabiliteit. Het aantrekken van meer vreemd vermogen is niet per definitie verkeerd. Het kan ondernemingen in staat stellen te investeren en te groeien. Maar omdat het geld kost aan rente en risico’s met zich meebrengt moet er wel meer rendement tegenover staan.

4. Strategisch probleem (toekomstplannen)

Een onderneming heeft een strategisch probleem wanneer het management niet goed in zicht heeft hoe de markt veranderd en hoe de onderneming haar toekomstplannen daarop moet aanpassen. Dit probleem kun je niet uit de boekhouding halen. Volgens docent Jan Vis, een autoriteit op het gebied van waarderingsvraagstukken, is het van het allergrootste belang dat het management zich focust op het vergroten van de toekomstige geldstromen, want waarde ligt altijd in de toekomst en in het genereren van cash (geen winst).

Wij hebben twee van onze experts gevraagd om hierop commentaar te geven:

Boudewijn Schenkels:
De meeste bedrijven in problemen zijn inderdaad afhankelijk van overnames of te afhankelijk geworden van de standaard financieringsproducten van banken. Hoe langer hun financiële crisis voortduurt hoe eerder de bodem van de kas in zicht komt. Er wordt (nog) niet of te weinig gedacht aan de alternatieve onorthodoxe vormen zoals bijvoorbeeld crowd-funding. Banken worden hier steeds creatiever in en er ontstaan steeds meer netwerken. Out-of-the-box vormen die alle 4 de probleemgebieden kunnen tackelen of beheersen. Ook kom ik ook nog steeds bedrijven tegen waar vastgehouden wordt aan oude structuren in het kader van cash management. In het post-SEPA tijdperk zijn lijnen korter en is betalingsverkeer meer transparant en ontstaan er nieuwe producten. Om te komen tot deze nieuwe vormen is een afwijkende strategische visie nodig vanuit management. Streef er constant naar onderscheidend en denk na over hetgeen er verder in de wereld aan de hand is dat er onverwachte wendingen ontstaan. Kijk naar de politiek.

Boudewijn Schenkels

Senior Consultant Payments bij Payments Advisory Group

Lionel Pavey:
Hij reageert op het probleem illiquiditeit: Er zijn 2 stromen waar geld vaak vast zit – voorraden en debiteuren.

Voorraden
1) Plan de hele cyclus van levering tot verkoop

2) Hoe lang is de levertijd

3) Hoeveel ruimte nemen de goederen in beslag en heb ik genoeg ruimte

4) Zijn de voorraden snel bederfelijk

5) Hoeveel leveranciers zijn er

6) Zijn de goederen seizoensgebonden

7) Implementeren van “just-in-time” methodiek

Debiteuren
1) Facturen tijdig en correct versturen

2) Controleren en vermelding van juiste voorwaarden

3) 1 week na verzending controleren dat facturen zijn ontvangen bij debiteur

4) Bevestig met debiteur dat alle gegevens correct zijn

5) Bevestig met debiteur dat betaling vindt plaats op afgesproken datum

6) Alle contact met debiteur ten eerste via telefoon, daarna via email

7) Implementeren van een solide debiteurenbeheer

8) Altijd proactief actie ondernemen – niet wachten op debiteur

9) Laat verkoop afdeling weten de stand van zaken, maar laat verkopers nooit direct met klanten praten/onderhandelen over openstaande posten

10) Zorg voor alle nodige vaste gegevens van een debiteur – contact persoon, hoofd crediteuradministratie enz.

11) Uw klant is ook een mens – als een klant wordt op de hoogte gesteld van openstaande posten, dan realiseren zij dat U een goede beheersing hebben van alle organisatorische aspecten