Tag Archive for: treasury

Big tech vs Fintech vs Banks – in international payments

| 09-07-2019 | by Patrick Kunz |

This title makes it sounds like it’s a fight. To be honest: it is! The market for international payments is huge and its lucrative. In a McKinsey report the 2018 market size for payment revenues was close to 2 Billion. Not strange everybody wants a slice of that.

Fintech & Banks

Traditionally the market for international payments was dominated by banks. Recent years and technological advancements has shown that banks are slow to adapt to new technology and market requirements. In some cases it still takes days to transfer money from Europe to Asia, while an email, FB message or picture can be send in seconds. Fintech has tried to fill the gap with innovative tech solutions that solve these problems. Often these companies are lean and mean and adapt to market changes much quicker than the big stable banks. They provide cloud solutions, link to every bank possible and make you more bank independent. Lately we have seen consolidation in the fintech market where players are merging, growing or being taken over by banks. Some banks have started their own fintech. But often fintech only solved a part of the problem and is build on the existing (bank) infrastructure. Banks are also working on innovation: instant payments, swift GPI and PSD2 api’s are helping the customer paying faster and easier. These initiatives are great but have taken years to be implemented.

Bigtech

Then there is a third group of players: big tech. These are the google, facebook and alixpress of our world. These are traditionally IT companies who have a big client base but these companies where not involved in payments (yet). Their edge is size, market access and fast adoption. What happens if they enter the market for payments? Are they likely to win? Look at Alipay, massively successful in China but growing immensely outside Asia to. Why ? because it is easy to use, innovative, low cost and probably most importantly connected with an existing service of the bigtech (alixpress – shopping). The company provides the full customer journey: shopping for product and paying the goods in the most easy way without moving away from the website. Not only via desktop but also via mobile. On the go they make it possible to pay by scanning a QR code, in a grocery store or in a cab. Who needs cash OR a debit card, you only need your mobile phone and an app! Why was this successful? Because the existing customer base was already there they just vertically integrated into the customer journey; easier for the customer and therefore extra revenue for Ali. But also more power for Ali.

Stablecoin Libra

Looking at Facebook and their Stablecoin Libra. Digital currency, unregulated, not based on the traditional banking/payment infrastructure. There are big and significant differences with Bitcoin but the idea is the same: sending and receiving money worldwide in an instant as digital currency. There should be no speculation on the Libra-Rate as the rate of exchange is based on a basket of currencies (EUR, USD, JPY etc). Similar to the old tech Special Drawing Rights from the IMF. So what makes libra different to bitcoin and the other coins? I am not going into the technical differences as that is beyond my scope and would bore you. The main difference is the easy of adoption. New to bitcoin and want to use it: you have to open a wallet, trading account and learn have to transfer the BTC to somebody and the receivers also needs a wallet; a barrier for most. Using Libra will be much easier as it is just an extension of the services of Facebook. Libra potentially has 2,4 billion users (the number of facebook accounts). This is a big competitive advantage. Compared with smart marketing (facebook knows that) and combining it with existing products there is a big potential. Sending money to your facebook friends in Australia or Japan? No problem: in-an-instant via Libra. Besides facebook it is also supported by other big players like Visa, Spotify, Paypall, Mastercard, Vodafone. Is there a future without Libra ? And how many facebook users are there without an bank account. There are 2,4 billion facebook users and 1,7 billion people without a bank account in this world. The reach is already huge so there is low barrier for adoption.

The Battle

Does this mean bigtech will be ‘winning’? In my opinion hard to say. That battle is being fought the coming years. Don’t forgot the power and influence of regulator and governments. Digital payments are unregulated and unknown and could influence the power of governments and the whole banking infrastructure of money regulation, central bank money creation and some even fear de-stabilization of the monetary system as a whole. Regulators could stop/limit the quick steps forward by bigtech.

The coming years will be exiting to see the technological advancements in the battle for payment revenue. The winner will be the consumer; easy of paying will increase further and more importantly the speed will increase. Paying how we want and within a blink of an eye, and this worldwide, will be the new standard within several years.

 

Patrick Kunz

Treasury, Finance & Risk Consultant/ Owner Pecunia Treasury & Finance BV

 

Why Richard decided to explore the World of Treasury

| 08-07-2019 | by treasuryXL | Kendra Keydeniers

The post-graduate Executive Treasury Management & Corporate Finance programme combines two finance disciplines: Treasury Management and Corporate Finance. These disciplines largely overlap and are inextricably connected.

After a successful completion of all required modules, the title of Registered Treasurer (RT) is conferred by the Registered Treasurer foundation.

The course will start on 1 September 2019. Why wait? Apply today!

 

Let’s talk with another RT graduate this week: Richard Blokland started the Executive Treasury Management & Corporate Finance programme in 2007 to become a certified Treasurer. He graduated in 2009.

Richard’s broad professional treasury experience touches several industries like Oil & Gas, Airlines, Real Estate and the Public Sector. His experience brought him to his latest function as a successful Corporate Treasurer at NewCold.

 

 

What was your main reason to start a career in Treasury?

I started within a Treasury Department for my first job and found out that Treasury would offer me the opportunity to combine business economics with mathematics which I was looking for. Besides this, each day within Treasury is different and I really appreciate this aspect.

Why did you start with the RT program?

This program would offer me the opportunity to get the best education in the field of Treasury.

What are key words that you would use to describe the program?

Divers, meeting the requirements for being a Treasurer and fun.

Which topics covered were most interesting?

Cash management (international), business analysis, derivatives and tax.

Can you describe what your research and thesis was about?

My research and thesis resulted in a framework for handling (US) cross border lease within your organisation, and have it embedded in the right way.

How did the education help you in your career?

It helped me a lot as the RT is a highly trained Treasury professional and also puts you in the same league as the RA or RC.

What surprising elements did the program hold that you did not expect?

The elements not typically Treasury but every Treasury professional should at least know about something, and the international aspect in terms of teachers.

Are you still in touch with your peers?

I am with some.

What other treasury education programs did you consider and why did you choose this one?

None as the RT program is all I need.

Can you describe a treasury topic you learned about that you could directly implement in your job?

For example Tax in terms of transfer pricing.

More stories please! Read the RT story of Mathieu here and/or read more info about the RT program here.

 

Facebook and Libra: the new global currency?

| 04-07-2019 | Carlo de Meijer | treasuryXL

Since Facebook announced to launch a new digital currency, the Libra, a complete media craze arose. The one blogger stumbled as it were over the other. And while the one group sings hosanna over this initiative (a salvation for the bankless), warning signals come especially from the supervisors and regulators part (time bomb under the global money system). And next to that there arose a great many discussions on whether or not the crypto character of the Libra. What are the chances that this Libra will really see the light? And if so, what will that mean for the existing financial system? Let’s give it a shot.

What is the Libra?

Libra is the new declared crypto currency (based on blockchain technology) of social technology giant Facebook. Libra is meant to become the in-house currency for Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp’s combined 2,7 billion users. An alternative digital means of payment to purchase products, sent money across borders or make donations. To enable peer-to-peer payments, a digital wallet, the Calibra will be introduced that will work with Messenger and WhatsApp.

The mission of the Libra project is to come to a simple world currency and a financial infrastructure that may help move forward the millions of unbanked people in the emerging markets. Money transfers by labour emigrants, so-called remittances, are one of the most important income sources for those people. Annually, according to the World bank, almost 500 billion of euros are being transferred via private bookings from rich to poorer countries. And that at very high fees.

The Libra Association

Libra will be controlled by an independent body, the Libra Association, that will be based in Switzerland. The Association nowadays consists of 29 founding members (including Facebook), with big names like MasterCard, PayPal, Visa, Booking Holdings, eBay, FarFetch, Lyft, Spotify and Uber. The intention is to have 100 founding members by the time it launches next year.

The Libra Association will actively manage the Libra currency for stability. Each Libra will be covered by liquid means for the full hundred percent. For every Libra that will be issued, the Libra Association will have to maintain a basket of short term government bonds and (real) fiat currency including dollars, euro and yen. If these Libras are exchanged into fiat currency, then also the coverage disappears.

Reactions

The launch of the Libra, though just in 2020, has triggered a deluge of reactions from governments, supervisory, regulatory authorities and others like the cryupto world, media etc. all over the world. Some are positively optimistic, others reacted cautious but most are sceptic or even negative. Terms like corporatocracy and techno-pocalyps were even mentioned to describe this Libra project. And that is not surprising!

Most intensive reactions came from France where the Finance Minister le Maire said that “Libra cannot  … and must not happen” and that “it was out of the question that the cryptocurrency should become a sovereign currency”. He has asked central bank heads from G7 countries to write a report on the Libra by mid-July.

The BIS already has put a lot of attention on alternative currencies in its recently published annual report. The BIS warned that if big social technology companies like Facebook or Amazon, are going to dominate the financial system, that will increase the risk of system disturbances.

Other international organisations like The International Stability Board are  very sceptical about the Libra plan, while the British supervisor FCA is not yet prepared to accept the Libra.

But most important, we are still awaiting the official reaction of US supervisors. The ambitions are, especial from the US, to halt the Libra development until further investigation offers the well needed answers. For that purpose the Senate Banking Committee has scheduled a hearing for July 16th, while Facebook has been invited to testify at a hearing of the Financial Services Panel on July 17th.

In the UK it could have similar scrutiny, as the Bank of England noted that
“regulators would have to consider how they’d treat this new asset class”. Though they are not that negative, the Bank of England governor Carney stated that Libra would be subject to the highest standards of regulation.

Libra is …..

…. not a cryptocurrency!

From various reactions on the Libra project it was made clear that the Libra is not a cryptocurrency, as was declared by Facebook. While cryptocurrencies are decentral, transparent and anonymous, the Libra has nothing of these characteristics.

It follows the business model of Facebook, being centralised, closed for the external world and almost without privacy for its users. Though the Libra Association in which Facebook just has a very small vote, and it is supposed to have 100 partners in total, the technology and infrastructure is in hands of Facebook.

….  not a (real) blockchain

Looking at Facebook’s Libra, it makes no real use of blockchain technology. The Libra blockchain is a very special one. There is one big block in which all transactions are being stored, very similar to a normal database. Nobody is aware, but the data at Facebook will not be transparent.

…. (more like) a private digital currency

Contrary to the well-known cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum and Ripple, the Libra is covered by financial assets including government debt and fiat currencies. In that sense the Libra is rather similar to private issued  banknotes.

No level playing field for banks

Some see Facebook Libra just like an ordinary bank. With the introduction of the Libra, Facebook will execute the old-fashioned banking matters, in that way that via the Libra app, Calibra one can transfer money globally and instantly. So, the Libra in fact combines digital ease with the structure of a bank.

And who knows if Facebook is going to offer more than just payment services. It is very likely that they will (in the near future) broaden their services by offering credits etc. And if that is the case, Facebook is starting with their creation of money. Imagine a bank with the potential of 2.4 billion of clients that is not subject to regulation and supervision, creating a non-level playing field.

Urgent need for proper supervision and regulation

There are a range of risks when this process takes place without guidance by supervisors and regulators. A new digital currency with the potential capability of the Libra (Facebook has no less than 2.4 billion users), should be  matter of both banking supervisory bodies and monetary authorities.

Think about the following: the Libra has been launched and Libra will have to keep an equal amount of hard currencies in reserve as the brought in money, that should be invested in short term, government bonds in the various currencies incl. dollars, euros and yen. If the components of the basket changes, or the number of Libra brought in by Facebook fluctuates strongly, that might have impact on the financial system.

If the Libra becomes a success it will be crucial for the functioning of the payments system that it should be subject to the highest standards of supervision. Supervisors should therefore soon come with the decision what the Libra now exactly is: a currency, an investment or something complete different.

Should central banks step in?

Another issue is: how should Central Banks react. Introducing the Libra will also cause sensibilities in the monetary field. Question that arise: will the Libra become a – although stable – currency that will be created separately from the existing system or will it be a complement?

With the introduction of the Libra, Facebook is in fact filling the gap left by the central banks on the international payments market. Key question is: what is preferable, a private global digital currency or a public variant issued by central banks.

According to editors of the Financial Times, the “Zuck-Buck” as they call the Libra will be no less than a global shadow currency, a private variant of a global system of central banks, a sort of Federal Reserve.

It is thus high time that the long-lasting debate about a digital currency issued by central banks should gather space with the possible arrival of the Libra. Just staying on the sidelines is no issue any more. The technology is there.

Why not the IMF thinking about creating an international digital currency that brings stability and meet all the privacy challenges.

Hurdles for Facebook to overcome

The Libra is not there yet. Facebook still faces many hurdles and needs to answer many questions.

I admit, there are positive sides to the Libra initiative, such as Libra’s promise to have cheaper – or even no – transfer costs, while Libra payments will be made as easy as WhatsApp. And there are the potential efficiency gains and better entrance to financial products by many unbanked which may lead to economic growth. But there are also many negative issues to be mentioned.

When talking about privacy, Facebook has not a good reputation. How will Facebook handle the privacy rules? And how is Facebook going to convince customers to give their money in play? But also, how can Facebook prevent that the Libra will also facilitate transactions that possibly may be used for criminal purposes. Therefor Facebook should show that for them it is serious in properly meeting the privacy rules.

“This money will allow this company (Facebook) to assemble even more data, which only increases our determination to regulate the internet giants”. French Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire

Another potential legal hurdle for the Libra project is to keep banking and commerce apart. To prevent conflicts of interest payments and banking are separated from the rest of the economy in the US. Depending on what data is visible for the partners in the Libra Association, there may be enough legal issues that should be solved.

And there is the size issue. According to many, Facebook is already too big and too powerful not to be supervised and regulated. In order to get an “ethical banking culture”, it is needed to make sure that institutions, crypto or not, will not be ‘Too big, to Fail’.

Facebook may also count on the appropriate competition. Such as from China by players like Alipay and We Chat. Moreover there is a big chance that also other tech companies will come with their own currency.

By the way, I am also on Facebook and have a lot of friends. Keep it like that!

 

 

Carlo de Meijer

Economist and researcher

 

Why Mathieu decided to explore the World of Treasury

| 01-07-2019 | by treasuryXL | Kendra Keydeniers

 

I am taking you back to our recent post about the Treasury Management and Corporate Finance program at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. We mentioned to share some Register Treasurer (RT) graduate profiles to give you a better insight of treasurer types that are “RT material”. Let’s kick off with the first interview with Mathieu Ummelen.

Mathieu Ummelen is a Treasury and Corporate Finance interim professional who successfully graduated as a RT. We asked him the following questions regarding his ‘world of treasury’ experience:



What was your main reason to start a career in treasury?

My interest in financial markets started when the stock markets crashed in October 1987. As a 15-year-old boy, I was stunned how companies could be worth 20% less overnight. I wanted to know more about that, resulting in a study of business economics at Tilburg University.

I found courses such as corporate finance, treasury management and derivatives the most interesting, so that after my studies I started looking for a position in treasury and I found that as a trainee at FMO. On my first working day I had to analyse the cash position, and when I was allowed to place the excess cash (USD 2 million) on an overnight deposit, I definitely devoted to the profession and I still am.

Why did you start with the RT program?

After a year in the traineeship program, I was asked by the treasurer to quit the program early and join the treasury department. Although I received a great training-on-the-job there, I was also happy to be given te opportunity to follow the post-doctoral Treasury Management course. In the first instance my goal was to gain more specific knowledge about treasury, for example, the legal and fiscal aspects of treasury were not part of the curriculum at the university. But shortly after the start of the course I realized that the interaction with fellow students and building a network of peers were (at least) just as valuable.

Are you still in touch with your peers?

The weekly contact with a group of peers who are in the same phase of their career was one of the most positive aspects of the Treasury Management program for me. It was an ideal way to quickly build a network of peers, and I probably learned more from them than from the theoretical part of the program. The contact has been somewhat diluted over the years, but I still have contact with some.

Did following the program influence your relation with your family, friends and/or colleagues?

Taking the course takes quite a lot of time, not only the number of hours of lecture and travel time, but of course also preparation and studying for the exams. Fortunately, I started the course a year and a half after my graduation, so I was still used to studying. Also, we had no children yet and my wife was also following a course, that made it easier for me to study in the evening or at the weekend than for some fellow students. So, if you are considering to follow the program, my advice would be to do it as soon as you can!

Become a Register Treasurer yourself and apply for the course that will start on 1 September 2019!

More info here

More stories please! Read the RT story of Richard.

Duplicate Payments: Instability with Multiple Platforms

| 24-06-2019 | BELLIN |

It is an arduous request for your Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) payment platforms or IT department to provide ample protection against duplicate payments and cyber-fraud.  Though it can be tempting to assume administrative controls can provide protection, the facts can show otherwise. Supplier invoice payments are typically the largest annual payments and consequently, represent the highest amount of risk.

According to an Acculytic’s report on duplicate payments, “industry studies have shown that the rate of duplicate payments can be as high as 3%. In fact, 20% of the best performing companies, responding to the 2013 ePayables survey performed by Ardent Partners, had an average duplicate payment rate over 1%.”

Acculytic’s report also stated that “the Institute of Finance & Management (IOFM) concluded that a quarter of the respondents reported duplicate payment rates between 0.1% and 0.5%. Applying these rates to different purchase volumes suggests the following rate of duplicate payments may be generally applied across all organizations.”

Rate of Duplicate Payments ($)
Purchase Volume 0.1% 0.5% 1.0%
$10,000,000 10,000 50,000 100,000
$50,000,000 50,000 250,000 500,000
$100,000,000 100,000 500,000 1,000,000

How duplicate payments and payment fraud can bypass controls

Even the most sophisticated controls still have their pain points. Here are 5 ways that duplicate payments and fraud can unhinge even the best administrative controls:

1) Human error transcends even the most secure systems.

Regardless of how technologically-sound and secure an ERP or IT infrastructure is, mistakes can always occur. Such systems can typically alert when duplicate payments occur by executing matching runs. However, matching runs are incapable of determining if there was an error earlier in the submission phase.

2) Multiple systems leading to inefficiency

The presence of multiple systems is not rare with large multinational organizations. Payment processing becomes more complex in terms of ensuring ample security is present. The seamless connectivity between all systems is a paramount function to be able to detect duplicate payments.

3) Platform migration limbo period presents payment risk

When migrating from one platform to another, there is often a period in which one platform is introduced before the initial is removed. That period before the legacy platform is removed causes a risk for duplicate payments.

4) Administrative controls: biggest strength is a potential weakness

Automation comes with pros and cons and is effective with routine tasks but your integrated controls systems can hamper the speed and efficiency of your productivity. Duplicate payments are detected based on the parameters set and if there are too many parameters, a majority of payments will be flagged. With too few parameters, duplicate payments will slip through the cracks.

5) Accounts Payable are susceptible to internal fraud

Automated detection is a first line of defense but cannot factor in employees that are extremely familiar with the parameters and know how to evade detection. Invoices under certain amounts tend to not require secondary approval, leading to undetected invoices being processed.

3 essential ways a centralized platform can prevent duplicate payments

  1. Seamless data extraction for routine analysis that will not slow operations.
  2. Ability to consolidate and analyze data from any subsidiary or location.
  3. Digestible data that is concise with the system providing relevant alerts for fraud or issues in payment processing.

Bonus function: the ability to analyze historical payments and check for duplicate payments, tax or currency problems, contractual compliance, etc.

Eliminate duplicate payments with a centralized platform

For comprehensive protection, BELLIN’s treasury management system, tm5, will seamlessly connect all of your banks and enable you to process payments and view master vendor information. The centralized platform allows you to connect any system to any bank giving you a true, single-window view of your worldwide banking data.

With company-wide visibility as a core competency of tm5, users can monitor payment and vendor information through the entire workflow. Consequently reducing the chance for duplicate payments that originate from external or internal sources.

Treasury management systems are both innovative and extremely helpful. Knowing this, treasurers are tasked with realizing and dealing with the limitations of having multiple systems. Centralizing payment processes with automation that ensures security is an extremely efficient way to maximize controls and minimize the chance for duplicate payments to occur.


Martin Bellin

Founder & CEO at BELLIN

Blockchain: Game-changer for Small & Medium Enterprises?

| 21-06-2019 | Carlo de Meijer | treasuryXL

In many countries Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are the backbones of their economy. Their role is crucial to worldwide economic and social developments, with more than half of the overall world population working in such companies. In the Netherlands for instance, more than 90% of the Dutch companies are SMEs and together they produce 60% of the added value of the Dutch Economy. SMEs however are confronted with a number of important challenges. including limited access to bank loans, inefficient procedures and lack of information necessary to conduct business efficiently.

While most people relate blockchain to large companies, blockchain also opens new opportunities to SMEs in every sector to solve existing challenges and enable them to optimise their business and develop new business models. Up till recently there were several obstacles which led to slower adoption of blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies by SMEs. But that is changing.

Let’s have a look!

SMEs and present challenges

Despite their status as the backbone of any major economy, SMEs face many challenges. They have a great problem in finding  financing, scale their operations, process payments and recruit other ancillary services that are both necessary to grow or go global. For emerging economies, increasing access to credit is key to generate of new jobs and economic growth.

  • Bank loans

 A big problem for SMEs, esp. for beginning entrepreneurs is to get a loan from banks for starting or growing their business. This is why many of the new or ongoing small and medium-sized businesses disappear. Almost 30% of SME companies shut down in the first three years of operation due to lack of funding.

Since the banking (credit) crisis of 2008, banks are inherently risk averse, so their tolerance for SME lending has become relatively low. Last year’s report from the World Bank estimated that 70 percent of small, medium, and micro-enterprises are unable to access the credit they need. While the global demand for SME credit stand at $2,38 trillion, the truth is, only a fraction (about 15%) of businesses actually get the loan that they request from banks.

  • Trade finance

 Another challenge for internationally operating SMEs is to get trade finance. Trade financing, much like many forms of credit providing, is a key component of the success of SMEs, but that key is not always easy to obtain. SMEs face lots of hurdles in their quest for funding, especially when it comes to accessing traditional trade finance products. Trade has changed dramatically in the last 10 years. But trade finance has not. The $1.5 trillion trade finance gap is driven by data shortfalls. The industry is still heavily paper-based and follows outdated processes and procedures. Typical trade finance operations are as a result still time-consuming, bureaucratic, and simply too expensive for new SMEs. This disproportionately impacts small- and medium-sized firms and firms in Asia and the Pacific.

  • Cash flow issues

 Inability to bring in capital continues to cause enormous harm to small businesses–stifling growth and causing cash flow difficulties. In fact, 40 percent of small businesses reported cash flow issues within the past year. Businesses need cash flow to pay for materials, start the production process, pay employees, or cover any other business expenses. For smaller companies a late payment can be the difference between success and failure.

  • Limited alternative financing

 These SME companies nowadays often turn to alternative forms of financing to obtain funds and ease their cash flow issues. In recent years, the peer-to-peer (P2P) lending system emerged as an alternative to the bank loans. And this segment is growing. Crowdfunding has also emerged to fill the gap in the market, but is mainly focused on technology start-ups. This new funding route is closed to most SMEs from other sectors.

  • Personal identity

Personal identity and data control are major concerns for online retailers as most of the interactions between customers, and online retailers are controlled via usernames and passwords stored in centralized platforms. Such platforms are vulnerable to hacking, and user data can be accessed and misused by hackers. Next to that people can easily falsify documentation and identity proofs.

  • Adoption of new technologies

 Another major challenge for many SMEs is how to deal with new trends in digitalization and automation. While large corporates often have the resources to react promptly, experiment and develop new products and services and thus benefit from the new technologies like blockchain, this is not the case for many SMEs.

This while they are experiencing problems for which these solutions including blockchain could be a solution. Many small- to medium-sized companies find it difficult to get started with new technologies since the scale of SMEs is often too small, among other reasons. Most SME’s miss the manpower, skills and knowledge to develop new strategies on such new trends.

 

Use cases

Blockchain presents itself as a solution to these challenges. This technology could solve the problems in the areas of funding and trade finance. Though it makes sense to use blockchain for money-related businesses, they may also be used to solve many of their inefficiency problems. Safe and secure data transactions and smart contracts may optimise supply chains and improve client satisfaction by automated services.

  • Trade finance           

Blockchain could became a game-changer for SMEs that are looking to expand abroad in their search for trade finance. Trade finance products are being made more efficient due to transparency and the consensus mechanisms that replace multiple instances of verification and checking.

A new study by the World Economic Forum and Bain & Company shows that blockchain technology could play a major role in reducing the worldwide trade finance gap, enabling trade that otherwise could not take place. Another finding is that the impacts would be largest in the emerging markets and for SMEs which may display the use of the technology beyond well-established markets and corporations.

The Asian Development Bank forecasts the global trade finance gap currently stands  at $1.5 trillion, or 10% of merchandise trade volume and is set to grow to $2.4 trillion by 2025. But the results from the new study shows the gap could be reduced by $1 trillion using blockchain technology efficiently.

  • Supply chain finance

Blockchain technology may also contribute to solve the problem of getting supply chain finance. A bigger segment of the market is nowadays building open account solutions. But because of the difficulty in tracking how deep the supply chain is, often financing is only offered a few tiers deep. As blockchain is much more flexible with data than existing digital systems, this technology opens up the possibility of this level of financing.

On blockchain, both suppliers and buyers have access to necessary transactional information in real-time. Every step of the supply chain process is time-stamped and verified by all parties, meaning that information is accurate and immutable. This added level of visibility may also mean that businesses will have more invoice financing solutions available, too. This transparency may result in faster transaction processing improved cash flows for suppliers, and potentially better rates from invoice finance providers.

  • Smart contracts

One of the most attractive features that blockchain has is the potential to offer SMEs smart contracts, which not only define the terms and penalties around an agreement in the same way that traditional contracts do but also automatically execute and enforce those pre-agreed terms and conditions (but without the need for middlemen). Many labour intensive and expensive business processes can easily being replaced at little cost.

The largest opportunities could come from smart contracts, single digital records for customs clearance. Smart contracts can represent an invoice, or any similar financial document, and be used as collateral to support a loan. They would help mitigate credit risk, lower fees and remove barriers to trade.

To avoid the initial development costs of building on Ethereum, there are already blockchain companies like Confideal and dApp Builder that make it easy to create and launch a complete smart contract portal with just a few clicks.

  • Funding/collateral

Blockchain technology has the potential to completely “reinvent the wheel” when it comes to SME funding. Blockchain could help revive peer-to-peer lending practices that has emerged outside of the regular banking system, by digitizing what was once a manual process.

Through disintermediation, blockchain makes it significantly easier and faster for small and medium-sized companies – not just technology start-ups – to raise funds through equity. The removal of these barriers reduces the need for complicated paperwork, while the automated nature of the process may mean that  commissions, excessive brokerage fees associated with selling shares, and other overheads can all be left behind.

  • Identity management 

Another area where blockchain could become a game changing factor is in the area of online identity verification. A growing number of SMEs do their business online triggering demand for increased online security. The risk of identity theft and fraud could be eliminated with the use of a decentralized identity, such as blockchain. It allows a more effective and reliable form of identification of a person without the requirement for third party involvement. As well as the benefits in terms of the reliability of the verification, the speed at which checks can be performed is much faster. This can help businesses speed up processes and make them more reliable.

 

SME-focused initiatives/projects

To address the various challenges for SMEs in their search for blockchain solutions, a growing number of SME-focused initiatives have been launched.

  • Blockchers project

One of these programs is Blockchers, as part of the European Horizon 2020 project. Blockchers is a project that will facilitate the revolution of blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) across European SMEs. It is an acceleration process for SMEs and start-ups to build real world use cases of blockchain technologies, thereby financing real world use cases of this technology in traditional sectors.

One of the main goals of Blockchers will be fostering the matchmaking among traditional SMEs and potential DLT specialists, as technology providers, and “sensitize about the benefits and opportunities around DLTs to implement real use case scenarios in a variety of verticals”.

Alastria Blockchain Ecosystem has been chosen by the European Commission as the technological partner for the Blockchers Project. They will  provide the blockchain infrastructure to the start-ups participating in this EU Project, developing blockchain solutions to SMEs.

  • Project Blockstart

To make sure SMEs can experiment “if and which blockchain solution will help to tackle the problems in their activities”, Bax & Company, a leading European innovation consultancy, has set up the project Blockstart. The aim of Blockstart is to increase the competitiveness of SMEs in the health, agro-food and logistics sectors by providing business support, identifying and testing business opportunities from blockchain innovations. Working together, the partners that will form an international ecosystem of business networks, incubators and blockchain experts, will test the market readiness of different blockchain solutions in real-life settings. Blockstart will help small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) strengthen their competitive positions through the use of blockchain technology.

  • Dutch logistic project

And there is the project of RDM Knowledge Center and Sustainable PortCities in cooperation with Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, to investigate the opportunities for SMEs in the Dutch logistics sector to benefit from logistics applications of blockchain. In the project SMEs active in cold chains, the pharmaceutical industry, transport, forwarding and warehousing are involved.

They try to give answer on questions that SMEs ask, including: what are the consequences of blockchain for their business model?; what kind of knowledge should they have about the potential of blockchain?; could blockchain technology improve their logistic processes?; and, how can blockchain technology create added value for their company?

  • Singapore PLMP Project

Singapore blockchain company PLMP Fintech has launched the Blockchain Technology Creatanium Centre (BTCC). BTCC is a blockchain centre, focused on accelerating the blockchain ecosystem for Singapore small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across various industries, allowing businesses to compete on a global level and increase efficiencies in operations and funding. BTCC will also provide education and development as well as house a blockchain and ICO ecosystem.

Similar centres are planned for Indonesia and Thailand.

 

SME-focused blockchain platforms

Furthermore, to help increase blockchain’s adoption across multiple industries and enlighten businesses of the technology’s potential, a large number of open source collaborative blockchain platforms have been created such as Hyperledger, Ethereum etc. Their main goal is allow enterprises to build customised blockchains that would answer specific needs instead of letting companies solve issues on their own. In recent years also platforms specific focused on SMEs have been launched such as We.Trade, Karma and others.

  • We.Trade platform (trade finance) 

Nordea has launched a blockchain-based platform designed to make it easier for SMEs to trade with other companies in Europe. The we.trade platform, a blockchain network for trade finance, is available to all Nordea SME customers, with trading controlled through a set of rules designed to bring security to the process.

The new offering is built on the we.trade platform developed by a group of 12 banks using IBM blockchain technology. The aim of the project is to simplify trade finance processes for SMEs by addressing the challenge of managing, tracking and securing domestic and international trade transactions by connecting all of the parties involved (i.e. buyer, buyer’s bank, seller, seller’s bank and transporter), online and via mobile devices. Providing more companies more efficient access to trade financing and credit across Europe will allow them to grow their business by expanding into new markets and forging new trading partnerships.

  • Karma (funding)

Karma (Russia), launched early 2018, is a true P2P platform which is fully decentralized. By design, the platform is a unique enabler that gives SMEs access to additional liquidity. Based on the blockchain technology, it enables users to invest in any SME. The platform offers its users a wide spectrum of investment opportunities. One of the features that make Karma “stand out of the crowd” is its ability to let investors lend to SMEs anywhere around the world.

  • Traxia (trade finance)

Traxia is a decentralised global trade finance platform. The proposed new blockchain-based system used to assess the creditworthiness of SMEs, will build a bridge between the banks, the SMEs and the data provider.

By using the blockchain, and smart contracts they will be able to offer transparent, fast, and not so costly transactions for small businesses. Thereby solving the long waiting problem by allowing for a transparent platform for invoice trading designed just for SMEs.

The loan system will connect technology to how people think and behave to determine who is credit-worthy. The system will link alternative payment data to accounting certificates to mobile and social data to psychometrics. The alternative payment data thereby looks at utility payments, rental payments and accounting certificates.

  • Blockchain identity platforms

Already, a number of blockchain-based companies are taking advantage of blockchain’s identity tools. Its decentralized nature and security features to provide better and more transparent identification tools, offers a way for customers to identify themselves and have access to certified documents and notaries as well as a marketplace for customers to purchase services and products.

Instead of buying expensive, centralized server architecture or “paying hefty fees” to companies like Amazon Web Services or Google, a comprehensive start-up CEO might instead choose to rent custom-sized decentralized hosting space from a blockchain platform. This provides increased data integrity and a more efficient cost plan as well.

  • Other blockchain-based platforms for SMEs

A group of 11 Indian banks have teamed together to unveil the nation’s first blockchain-linked funding for SMEs. The goal is to revamp lending for “default-prone small firms”, by helping bring forth the virtue of transparency. The blockchain network will allow the banks to access public credit data so they can reduce risks when offering lending. In 2018, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) embarked on a similar undertaking and launched eTradeConnect. The blockchain-powered platform was aimed at solving the various challenges that hamper the link between banks and SMEs.

Later that year, the Abu Dhabi Global Market, another multinational financial hub located in the United Arab Emirates, entered into a joint agreement with HKMA and Singapore’s central bank. They aim to create a blockchain-powered, cross-border trade and finance platform for SMEs hassle-free access to funding.

 

What advantages may blockchain bring for SMEs?

Blockchain has the potential to offer a lot of distinct advantages to small and medium-sized businesses, such as trust, speed, more safety and security as well as risk reduction in terms of lesser identity fraud and hacking, thereby reducing time and unnecessary costs.

This may enable them to solve the cash flow problem, the paperwork issues, as well as the problem to go global (thanks to the globality of blockchain platforms), preventing them from going bankrupt.

  • Available funds

First of all the risk of getting no funds at all will be greatly reduced. Because there is no doubt about when funds will be released, companies can deliver services in time knowing that funds will always be available when they should be. Payments for goods from distant buyers and payroll to overseas employees may become easier and can be completed at a fraction of the current costs. As a result, it can help bring products and transactional services to market quickly and inexpensively.

  • More safe and secure transactions

Security and transparency will also prove to be value-added benefits of blockchain for businesses. For SMEs with global aspirations, blockchain technology using secure communication techniques may guarantee more safety and security in their transactions.

The blockchain technology will assist firms to overcome problems associated with asymmetric information, collateral requirements, a lack of sufficient credit reporting agencies and internet data security and cybercrime. Blockchain technology thereby ensures safe, automated and efficient data transactions that may be used in the exchange of private information, or monitoring goods in transport or tracing the origin of food products.

  • More cost efficient processes

To make their processes more efficient , blockchain applications will definitely streamline business processes and offer a great potential for reducing costs and complexity of processes.

Significantly reducing overhead costs is a major advantage for small businesses hosting services on the blockchain. Using blockchain means reducing the amount of resources and time entrepreneurs put in for administrative tasks. This may contribute to offload the traditionally high costs of security, Know Your Customer (KYC) protocols, data storage and other overheads.

Apart from significantly reducing the investment that founders must make in these support activities, the cost savings can be passed onto customers to make prices more competitive. This may allow SMEs worldwide to compete on a more level playing field.

 

What are SMEs already doing?

A study conducted by the Emory University (US Atlanta) in collaboration with Provide Technologies and Aprio claims that the small and medium enterprises are investing twenty-eight times more in blockchain than large enterprises. The report furthers that most of the blockchain-based projects are aimed towards business process automation while authentication and compliance are the second and the third most significant blockchain usage across the globe. The report also marks that the payments industry stands fifth when it comes to blockchain adoption whereas, identity management and market place governance follow the top tier applications very closely.

There is a growing community of innovative start-ups that are developing SMEs focused blockchain solutions. However, the sectors in which DLTs really make sense, besides fintech, could be those in which existing SMEs do not (yet) have enough knowledge on how DLTs work nor how they could uptake these technologies (traditional SMEs).

Need for regulatory framework

Blockchain SMEs face uncertain regulation that limits their scope of action and imply a risk for their growth. The real challenge, going forward, will be the legality of smart contracts, and a global regulatory framework needed to establish true peer-to-peer lending across borders; just because it is legal in one country, does not make it so in the next.

A “good” regulatory framework should bring more clarity, fostering the uptake and prevent from fraudulent actions such as those linked to the anonymity of users in transactions. In the meantime, the power and potential of blockchain and smart contracts is increasingly being recognized across the business and political spectrum. While it may take regulators some time to catch up, broader adoption will lead to sensible regulation.

Forward thinking

Looking at these advantages, it is easy to see why a growing number 0f entrepreneurs  in the SME world is willing to invest more into blockchain. With the blockchain and related services such as smart contracts, the SME world may expect to see a total transformation of how they nowadays do their business. Blockchain will make international dealings more conducive for SMEs and may allow them to compete in ways that are unthinkable today.

Blockchain is however still in its early stages. The mass adoption of blockchain by SME companies has not yet started, and widespread adoption will take time. For this to happen, the biggest obstacle is getting more businesses to build on blockchain and drive customers toward these solutions. This asks for trust.

Trust will be built over time, and in order for the promises to become a reality, some businesses must start trusting the process. Proving to the world that there is a lot of opportunity in using the blockchain for absolutely everything related to business.  Given how this technology could boost trade by more than $1tn in the next ten years, according to World Economic Forum, this may be a call-up to the big blockchain companies to come up with SME friendlier solutions.

 

 

Carlo de Meijer

Economist and researcher

 

 

Webinar: Interested in how to minimize costs for FX payments?

| 20-6-2019 | TIS |

Does your firm have a global payment landscape? Are all FX payments globally and their associated costs visible to you?

If the answers are Yes and No, you don’t want to miss this 30-minute webinar chaired by Ebury, one of Europe’s fastest growing FinTechs and TIS, a global leader in corporate payment solutions.

For corporate treasurers and cash managers, FX risk management is part of the daily tasks. In this joint webinar presented by Ebury, a global finance specialist in foreign exchange, and TIS, a global leader in cloud-based corporate payment SaaS solution, the experts Thomas Fakhouri, Head of Technology Partnerships at Ebury and Nikola Hristov, Product Owner at TIS, will discuss how a fully integrated and automated payment process with add-on FX service generates enormous saving opportunities for corporates.

Register today


Wed, Jun 26, 2019
3:00 PM – 3:30 PM CEST

Webinar: Optimize your payment processing security

| 13-6-2019 | BELLIN |

How to optimize your payment processing security via administrative control

This webinar installment takes a deep dive into the need for a centralized payments platform that maintains a hyper-focus on security. Join in as we discuss, how the essential synergy between technical security specifications and administrative controls creates optimally safe and efficient processes.

Webinar start: 27 June 2019 | 16:00 CEST
Webinar run time: approx. 20 min

Register here

Katja FranzPresenter
Katja Franz, Senior Treasury Consultant

A graduate of International Business at Fachhochschule Trier and European Business & language at National College of Ireland, Katja Franz has a background in treasury and cash management that has spanned the globe. With experience in banking and reconciliation at Hertz Europe, cash and credit administration at State Street Bank, as payment implementation specialist for Bankhaus August Lenz and as freelance consultant, she has brought success to projects across banking and treasury.

At BELLIN Katja has brought her experience and her passion to the BELLIN treasury consulting team, focusing on treasury management software, project management and process optimization. She is a keen team player who is committed to her work and always eager to learn something new.

About BELLIN

BELLIN is the global leader in technology for corporate banking and treasury. We provide solutions for the financial sector, catering to a range of clients from large multinationals to SMEs and banks. Founded by a treasurer, BELLIN has been championing innovation and out-of-the-box thinking since 1998. With the treasury software tm5 as the centerpiece, BELLIN makes a fundamental difference by offering solutions that zero in on the relationship between corporates and banks and cover everything from payments to FX, cash and risk management. BELLIN is an international company with offices on four continents, powered by a trailblazing fintech spirit and yet firmly rooted in the heritage of German craftsmanship and engineering. BELLIN delights 500 clients and over 80,000 users around the globe.

 

 

The (Im)possibility of Liquidity Planning

| 07-06-2019 | BELLIN |

Defining and establishing liquidity planning workflows

Liquidity planning is extremely essential. Companies can survive a certain amount of time without making a profit. However, they will go down within just a few days if they lack the necessary liquidity. Therefore, liquidity planning is high on any treasury’s agenda.

Suddenly, cash was in short supply. Everything ground to a halt. Indeed, the crisis of 2008 has shown how important it is for companies of all sizes and industries to plan with liquid assets. They have to ensure that liquidity fluctuations will be hedged adequately and that times of tight liquidity can be overcome easily. Even long-term profitability cannot always serve as a guarantee that financial markets will be able to provide sufficient liquidity in times of crisis – unless waterproof strategic agreements for financing liquidity shortages were concluded long before the crisis. Liquidity planning is not the same as planning a company’s cash balance. Instead, it forms a basis for strategic hedging decisions in interest, currency and commodity management.

When you begin dealing with liquidity planning in your business, you may be disappointed at first. You will not be able to transfer experience from a balance sheet and profit and loss (P&L) calculation. As a first step, you will need to define liquidity planning and set your treasury’s liquidity planning goals.

Liquidity Planning Versus Cash Management

Liquidity planning serves to illustrate cash flows from all organizational units over time. lt distinguishes between different cash flows, e.g. customer payments and HR payments. The timeline – the underlying planning horizon – usually includes the next six to twelve months. However, certain business models may require planning several years in advance. Never confuse liquidity planning with daily cash management, which focuses only on future balances of individual bank accounts and on creating daily cash forecasts.

The quality of balance sheet and P&L planning is determined by its accuracy. The better the planning, the more accurate the predictions. In the relationship of balance sheet and P&L to liquidity planning, the most important factor is the end result: both plans should result in the same balance at the end of a period. To ascertain this figure alone, a treasury department would not need to create its own liquidity plan. Yet from a treasury perspective, the projected balance is only a means of checking plausibility at the end of the planning horizon. Even the smallest change in an underlying transaction or payment can lead to significant changes in the final result, without affecting overall corporate success or reducing the quality or even sense of liquidity planning as a whole.

A Basis for Hedging

Determining a precise cash balance at the end of a particular planning horizon is not the goal of liquidity planning. Its focus lies on analyzing the differences between an original plan and a rolling plan. The treasury department bases hedging decisions on the original plan. Then, it examines the reliability of these risk management measures. If the treasury finds significant inconsistencies, it can swap or create new foreign exchange deals, negotiate new credit lines or revise the maturities of interest­ bearing transactions.

Liquidity planning is possible. However, it is impossible to plan liquidity in terms of cash on hand at a particular date. With this different goal in mind, liquidity planning becomes the basis for strategic hedging decisions. Only a liquidity plan that is kept up to date can provide information on when to expect cash flows in foreign currency,  when group companies need more liquidity within the  planning period and when excess liquidity will be returned.

Interest and Currency Risk

Liquidity planning is not just about liquid assets, however. Flawed planning can have negative side effects, particularly with regard to financing and related interest. High interest rates can reduce income and reserve assets of companies that are notoriously short, i.e. always in a position of net debt. At the opposite end of the spectrum, companies in a «long» position, i.e. those who have sufficient liquidity to finance their ongoing business, miss out on interest earnings. They rarely consider such opportunity interest.

Interest topics aside, liquidity planning also deals with the somewhat more complex issue of foreign exchange risk. Currency exposure can also affect cash on hand. The media frequently circulate striking examples, although they often wrongly blame derivatives for lack of liquidity or financial losses. In any case, it is important to note that a shift in exchange rates may have a decisive influence on the liquidity development of companies active in countries with foreign currencies.

Liquidity planning made easy in tm5

With tm5’s cash and liquidity management solution, users benefit from real-time liquidity management across your entire corporate group.

Our technology lets you make short-term or long-term liquidity forecasts across all subsidiaries in the corporate group. Be prepared for all eventualities.

  • Make use of scenario planning via detailed financial reports that enable you to stay on top of cash flow management
  • Generate payment forecasts in different transaction currencies
  • Define your individual planning categories
  • Conduct plan comparisons
  • Use your own capacity for effective planning, whether it be a matter of days – or years – into the future
  • Consolidate planning data across all subsidiaries within your corporate group
  • Use a reconciliation matrix to resolve intercompany conflicts
  • Aggregate liquidity planning on a group-wide level
  • Calculate hedging ratios and your company’s refinancing strength based on any possible scenario.

Product: Cash & Liquidity Management

Room to Breathe

No company can exist without liquidity planning: it would be incapacitated within just a few days. Primary liquidity risk factors take a company’s liquidity – its room to breathe. Cash management is essential for short-term planning horizons. In the medium and long term, companies require a liquidity plan, a prerequisite for meaningful risk management, which is cleanly separated from corporate financial planning. These two topic areas deal with interest and currency management from different perspectives. Companies need to ensure a basic liquidity supply, consider supply costs and take into account possible fluctuations caused by currency exchange factors.

Martin Bellin

Founder & CEO at BELLIN

Blockchain-as-a-Service: accelerator for adoption

| 04-06-2019 | Carlo de Meijer | treasuryXL

Blockchain technology has attracted growing interest from various businesses from large corporates to SMEs. But a large scale adoption by corporates and others has long time been hindered by the lack of options. But that is changing.

When interacting with the blockchain they have now two options. They can either set up their node directly, thereby removing the “invisibility cloak” of blockchain. Or they can decide to let someone else do that for them. And here comes BaaS or Blockchain-as-a-Service in scope. BaaS or Blockchain-as-a-Service is comparatively a new blockchain technology, that can be easily integrated in existing corporate infrastructures.

The global Blockchain-as-a-Service Market is set for a rapid growth. According to a recent survey, the Blockchain-as-a-Service is expected to register a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of over 15%, during the forecast period (2019-2024), reaching around USD 30,6 billion globally by 2024.

We are not surprised by the emergence of Blockchain-as-a-Service. This overall Blockchain-as-a-Service market has seen accelerated growth with the coming up of creative innovations for blockchain and a faster growing customer demand. The growing demand for this new way of delivering blockchain services is attracting a wide field of new providers in the BaaS market, offering gigantic entryways for advancement.

Why BaaS?

Why do businesses need Blockchain-as-a-Service? Blockchain technology is on rise and business are increasingly willing to adapt to this technology. So far, however, the impact of blockchain disruption has been rather limited.

The companies that really want to use it, may encounter a number obstacles. The resources and expertise needed to develop new blockchain technologies has been a major hurdle for businesses that want to adopt the blockchain.

Blockchain technology is rather knew and relatively unknown. The technical complexities and operational overhead involved in creating, configuring, and operating the blockchain, and maintaining its infrastructure, often act as deterrents to its mass adoption.

Corporates are still far away from understanding the future of blockchain technology and the complexity of setting up of blockchain networks. Its implementation in terms of any technological change entails organizational risks.

Blockchain requires huge investment when it comes to setting up infrastructure and maintaining it. It is much more resource intensive, as compared to traditional databases.

 What is BaaS?

A Blockchain-as-a-Service platform is based on, and works similar to, the concept of Software as a Service (SaaS) model. It is a full-service cloud-based offering that enables customers including corporates to leverage cloud-based solutions to build and use their own blockchain applications and smart contracts and functions that will be hosted on the BaaS platform.

The BaaS platform would deal with the always confusing and labour-intensive back end activities for corporates and/or their business. They will provide all the necessary infrastructure and operational support to ensure that the blockchain applications run smoothly.

The platform will manage all the necessary tasks and activities to keep the infrastructure agile and operational. In other words, it allows the blockchain part of the technology to be relatively invisible for corporates.

Blockchain-as-a-Service providers are, therefore, key for large-scale blockchain adoption across businesses as they enable companies to adopt the blockchain without having to spend as much money as they would have to if they were to develop blockchain solutions on their own.

How does BaaS work?

BaaS would work similar to that of a web hosting provider. BaaS is like a blockchain module toolkit and utility system under the Blockchain Engine for which their users pay a fee.

In BaaS, an external service provider sets up all the necessary blockchain technology and infrastructure for a customer. By paying for a fixed BaaS subscription or consumption, a client pays the BaaS provider to set up and maintain blockchain connected nodes on their behalf. A BaaS provider thereby handles the complex back-end for the client and their business.

The BaaS operator also takes care of support activities like bandwidth management, suitable allocation of resources, hosting requirements, and provides security features like the prevention of hacking attempts.

Leveraging BaaS model, the client can now focus on their core job – the functionality of their blockchain – instead of worrying about infrastructure and performance related issues.

BaaS for who?

Blockchain-as-a-Service is ideal for organizations that wanted to outsource their technological aspects, and are not involved in understanding the working mechanism of the blockchain.

According to the earlier mentioned survey, the financial services industry is expected to occupy the largest market share. Blockchain-as-a-Service offerings are already revolutionizing this industry, as banks and financial service companies are among the most heavily invested enterprises exploring blockchain technology.

This is due to the many, highly valuable decentralized applications of blockchain technology, thereby giving rise to new business models in various areas, such as cross-border payments, remittance, exchanges, internet banking, trade finance, Know Your Customers (KYC), and risk and compliance.

The market is also gaining traction with SMEs that have not the sources to do that on their own. As these are increasingly working online, efficient blockchain services are increasingly required to secure the identity of digital entities and online authentication of personal identities, which drives the demand for Blockchain-as-a-Service offerings.

What may BaaS bring?

Allowing someone else to take care of the complex backend of blockchain ecosystem for corporates, allows corporates or their business to benefit from blockchain technology without really having to deal with blockchain technology.

Instead of creating and running their own blockchains, a business, large or small, can now simply “outsource” the technical complex work and focus on its core activities.

The BaaS format allows companies to familiarize themselves with blockchain technology before making conclusive business decisions about its use.

With BaaS as a cloud-based service, users will be able to develop their own blockchain based products like smart contracts, various applications and services without any setup requirement of the complete blockchain based infrastructure.

If BaaS speeds up, it can lead to real savings for companies. A study by Accenture found that blockchain technology could help banks reach cost savings to reach as high as 38 per cent, or around $12 billion.

 Top BaaS providers

The potential of Blockchain-as-a-Service has been recognized by some of the world’s largest software and technology companies. The interest of many businesses in implementing blockchain and the real difficulties of doing so have triggered several tech companies and cloud providers to now offer Blockchain-as-a-Service (Baas) to businesses that prefer to outsource the development of blockchain solutions.

The list of leading Blockchain-as-a-Service providers is growing, illustrating the growth in the dynamic on-demand tech sector. End 2015, Microsoft became one of the first companies to develop this service. The company has been adding BaaS modules to their cloud-computing platform, Azure, that is  focused on the Ethereum blockchain.

The Linux Foundation last year released Hyperledger Fabric 1.0, a collaboration tool for building blockchain distributed ledgers, such as smart contracts, for vertical industries. IBM has also built their own BaaS service, a Hyperledger Fabric BaaS system based on the Bluemix Cloud Platform. They are focused more on private consortium blockchains.

There are other big names as well that are betting on Blockchain-as-a-Service. Like Oracle Autonomous Blockchain Cloud Service, Amazon Web Services (AWS), HPE Mission Critical DLT and SAP Cloud Platform Blockchain. Of special note in this field is the work being done by R3. R3 has created Corda, a Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) designed specifically to respond to the needs of financial institutions that use this technology.

Most recent BaaS platforms

Microsoft Azure Blockchain Service (ABS)
Microsoft this month announced the launch of Azure Blockchain Service, which is aimed to simplify the formation, management and governance of consortium blockchain networks. Azure, basically, offers Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS) by providing several easy-to-deploy, enterprise-ready templates for the most popular ledgers, including Ethereum, Quorum, Hyperledger Fabric, Corda and more.

Azure BaaS, in a nutshell, represents not just a public cloud hosting provider for distributed ledgers, but an organic and integrated low-cost, low-risk platform for building, delivering and deploying decentralized blockchain applications technology.

“Azure Blockchain Service deploys a fully-managed consortium network and offers built-in governance for common management tasks such as adding new members, setting permissions and authenticating user applications.” Microsoft

J.P. Morgan’s Ethereum platform, Quorum, will be the first ledger available in Azure Blockchain Service, giving both companies’ customers the ability to deploy and manage scalable blockchain networks in the cloud.

“Because it’s built on the popular Ethereum protocol, which has the world’s largest blockchain developer community, Quorum is a natural choice. It integrates with a rich set of open-source tools while also supporting confidential transactions, something our enterprise customers require.” J.P. Morgan

“Quorum customers like Starbucks, Louis Vuitton, and their own Xbox Finance team can now use Azure Blockchain Service to quickly expand their networks with lower costs, shifting their focus from infrastructure management to application development and business logic.” Mark Russinovich, chief technology officer at Microsoft Azure

Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Launching a managed blockchain service late last year, Amazon is now opening Amazon Web Services (AWS) for general availability. This new service is developed on top of open-source frameworks like Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum.

Customers simply choose their preferred framework, add network members, and configure the member nodes that process transaction requests. Its Amazon Managed Blockchain takes care of the rest.

“Amazon Managed Blockchain takes care of provisioning nodes, setting up the network, managing certificates and security, and scaling the network. Customers can now get a functioning blockchain network set up quickly and easily, so they can focus on application development instead of keeping a blockchain network up and running.” Amazon

It is a fully managed service designed to help companies quickly set up blockchain networks of their own that can span multiple AWS accounts that are scalable and easy to create and manage and configure the software, security and network settings.

“This can be done with a few clicks in the AWS Management Console, doing away with the typical cost and difficulty of creating a company network”. Amazon

Already companies like AT&T Business, Nestlé and the Singaporean investment market the Singapore Exchange have signed on to use the company’s services.

Ardor (ARDR)
Ardor is one of the latest in the growing field of contenders for Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS) providers. It provides the blockchain infrastructure for businesses and institutions to leverage the strengths of blockchain technology without having to invest in developing custom blockchain solutions.

Ardor is a BaaS platform that will allow corporates and others to use the Nxt blockchain, an advanced blockchain platform. It separates security from functionality by creating multiple chains. Ardor offers a main chain that handles blockchain security and decentralization. It provides customizable child chains that come ready to use, out of the box, for various business applications.

When customers want to implement a new project on Ardor, they can create a child chain. The child chain holds all the functionality and customizability supported on the Nxt blockchain. However, it is still linked to the main chain and derives its security and decentralization from using the main chain for verification.

The developers of Ardor are the same company behind the open source Nxt project. Ardor however goes beyond Nxt to solve critical issues of blockchain growth, scalability, and customization. Ardor includes every feature supported by the Nxt blockchain, but it changes the architecture of how new blockchains get implemented.  

Towards decentralised BAAS solutions

BaaS however has some limitations though. An inherent tension seems to exist between the decentralized promise of blockchain and the more centralized nature of Amazon’s and other providers fully managed BaaS services.

BaaS should be seen as a means to an end, and necessarily involves adding some centralization to blockchain, which is never ideal. The purpose of blockchain is however to have decentralized solutions to centralized problems. This could be the banks as much as it could be any trusted middleman.

What does the ideal version of BaaS look like? BaaS is an essential step to be able to bring blockchain mainstream. But in a perfect blockchain world, we would not have centralized BaaS.

It could possibly look like Ardor and Nxt, where BaaS is front-loaded into the fundamentals of the blockchain. Alternatively, MIMIR Blockchain Solutions are creating the world’s first Decentralized Ethereum Service Provider (DESP). They are using Proof of Stake mechanics to allow for decentralized BaaS. Instead of having one entity set up all the blockchain infrastructure for a corporate, MIMIR creates a system where the multitude of nodes can work together to share blockchain access to the growing number of corporates and others  who want access to blockchain. Instead of relying on a centralized party to share blockchain access, MIMIR relies on a distributed model where all connected nodes can get paid to do the heavy lifting for people.     

Forward thinking

The arrival of Blockchain-as-a-Service or BaaS is an interesting development in the blockchain ecosystem that is indirectly aiding the blockchain adoption across businesses. Definitely, creating, maintaining and managing a new blockchain solution will be easier with BaaS.

Though BaaS does still require one to rely on a centralized third party, it is a strong step towards bringing blockchain technology to the world. BaaS may be the necessary catalyst that can lead to a much wider and deeper penetration of blockchain technology across various industry sectors and businesses.

BaaS will set the blockchain future trends by making it more feasible and solving the existing problems of the industry. As more businesses look for convenient and cost-effective ways to leverage blockchain technology, it is likely that BaaS offerings will continue to proliferate.

“Taking the burden of difficulty out of the equation” will allow a wide range of businesses and industries to adopt blockchain into their existing platforms.

Though there is still a long way to go, for many companies, BaaS is – at this moment – the best way to begin the blockchain journey. Keeping an eye on the space can help corporates to  choose the right BaaS provider for their business needs.

 

 

Carlo de Meijer

Economist and researcher