A guide to conditional FX orders

27-12-2022 | treasuryXL | Kantox | LinkedIn |

In this article, we look closely at conditional FX orders, a powerful tool when executing your hedging strategy, and the unique role it plays in currency management — especially when it comes to delaying the execution of hedges.

Conditional orders: a brief definition

A conditional FX order is an order to execute a spot or a forward transaction to buy or sell one currency against another—but only when a predetermined limit is reached.

Conditional orders include stop-loss (SL) and take-profit (TP) orders. While SL orders are aimed at avoiding losses beyond a certain limit, PT orders are designed to take advantage of favourable moves in currency markets.

Note two time-related aspects of conditional orders in forward markets:

(a) The tenor of the underlying forward contract is specified (it could be one month, six months, or a year)

(b) The validity of the order is specified too (it can be valid for two weeks, six months, or set on a  good-until-cancelled basis).

Conditional orders are usually set on an OCO basis: one-cancels-the-other, automatically to avoid the same exposure being hedged twice in the event of extraordinary market volatility. 

Note, too, that in the event of extraordinary market volatility, conditional orders can be executed at less favourable levels than desired. This limitation exists not only in FX but in all financial markets. 

A powerful tool for risk managers

The primary purpose of conditional orders is to provide a safety net around an FX rate that the treasury team wishes to defend.

It can be the rate used in setting prices —aka the campaign/budget rate—or a ‘worst case scenario’ FX rate.  

Say that you wish to defend the rate of EUR-USD = 1 on a spot basis while the market is trading at 1.08. In this case, it is prudent to set three SL orders, each covering a third of the exposure, at 1.02, 1.00 and 0.98, respectively.

Assuming that the three levels are hit, you are mathematically assured to defend your budget or worst-case scenario FX rate.

Time is on your side

In hedging programs designed to protect a budget FX rate, the ‘buffer’ set between the market rate towards the start of the campaign and the rate to be defended with SL orders provides risk managers with a critical resource: time. 

As long as the SL orders are not executed, the passing of time means that hedge execution is delayed while FX risk remains fully under control. This brings the following four systematic advantages:

(a) More time to update cash flow forecasts

(b) More savings in terms of the cost of carry when forward points are unfavourable

(c) No cash immediately needed for collateral requirements

(d) More netting opportunities

And it’s not over yet! With luck, your TP conditional orders can be hit as well. 

Backtesting conditional orders

We recently conducted a backtest of a hedging program designed to protect the budget rate of a UK-based exporter selling into emerging markets. Over a four-year period (2017-2020), the firm would have outperformed its budget rate in three of those years while equalling it in the remaining year. In one year alone, overperformance reached 5.8%.

Delaying hedge execution with risk under control allowed the treasury team to hedge on the back of firm commitments, providing a better hedge rate than the stop-loss orders. So there you have it: when managing currency risk, consider using conditional orders. Time will be on your side. And you’ll sleep well at night! 

P.S. If you’re drafting your upcoming budget, download our Budget Hedging report and find out how to use conditional orders.

Conditional orders

Is the EU market ready for instant payments?

22-12-2022 | François de Witte | treasuryXL | LinkedIn | On December 1, 2022, I had the opportunity to attend in Brussels a panel discussion on “Is the EU market ready for instant payments?”. The event was organized by CEPS (1) and ECRI (2), and featured several prominent speakers.

Read more

First cross-border Confirmation of Payee solution launched for payments between France and the Netherlands

16-12-2021 | treasuryXL |

SurePay, SEPAMail.eu and StreamMind have announced the launch of the first cross-border Confirmation of Payee solution. This service enables companies and banks to check that the account information entered matches the intended beneficiary when initiating cross-border payments between France and the Netherlands and marks an important first step towards a pan-European solution in the fight against fraud.

Confirmation of Payee is a way to give consumers, banks and companies greater assurance that their payments are being routed to the intended recipient and are not being accidentally or deliberately misdirected.

Payments across Europe have increasingly shifted to digital channels, leading to a surge in fraud cases throughout the continent due to methods such as phishing, spoofing, APP scams and CEO fraud. Additionally, fraud is becoming increasingly international, whereby fraudsters are using foreign bank accounts for fraudulent purposes.

SEPAmail.eu offers an account check solution in France for more than 90% of bank accounts and SurePay’s IBAN-Name Check solution checks 99.5% of all online payments in the Netherlands.

This allows banks, consumers and companies in France and the Netherlands to check the accuracy of the account holder. This significantly reduces fraud and errors in payments. In addition, the IBAN-Name Check increases efficiency and improves the customer journey. In the Netherlands the IBAN-Name Check is used by over 150 companies such as insurance companies, lenders, government agencies, energy companies and many others, to prevent fraud or when accepting new suppliers, customers and employees.

Three Reasons to Add Real-time Payments to Your B2B Payments Mix

15-12-2022 | treasuryXL | Kyriba | LinkedIn |

If you are reading this, you are likely already exposed to the hype surrounding real-time payments. Whether you believe in the hype or not, it is inevitable that real-time payments will become ubiquitous globally in the near term.

By Rishi Munjal
VP, Product Strategy, Payments

Source

The last two decades have shown that countries with a strong mandate for real-time payments tend to have robust adoption. For example, emerging economies like India and Brazil that have implemented central bank mandates are outpacing developed nations like the U.S in terms of customer adoption.

In 2017, The Clearing House launched the RTP® network, the U.S.’s first real-time payment infrastructure. However, the adoption of real-time payments in general remains low, currently representing 0.9% transaction volume and 0.5% spend, according to the ACI Prime Time for Real-Time report. Specifically, for B2B payments the adoption is even lower. In this blog, I will explore three simple reasons a corporation should consider real-time payments as part of its payment mix. I will stay away from industry-specific use cases, as these were covered in my previous blog.

1. Rebalance your payment mix towards lower-cost and comparable payment types.

While finance organizations strive to keep the costs of operations low, they often only consider direct costs of payments. This practice creates a distorted comparison that can become a reason for inaction. Thus, it is important to measure both direct costs (e.g., provider fees, card interchange, etc.) and indirect costs (e.g., labor, technology, and support costs).

Using industry benchmarks provides a good starting point. The 2022 AFP Payments Cost Benchmarking Survey indicates that the median cost range for sending and receiving RTP® is comparable to ACH and cheaper than wires. Replacing qualifying volume of wires with RTP® can save tens of thousands of dollars, if not more, on an annual basis. You can realize these cost savings without giving up on irrevocability—a key benefit of wires. Kyriba clients’ success stories show tangible cost and productivity gains from such a strategy. If you are receiving card payments, you can save on interchange, which can be as high as 2.5%. With real-time payments, you get instant access to good funds and avoid chargebacks.

Median cost range to pay and get paid

Source: AFP® Payments Cost Benchmarking Survey, 2022

2. Improve cash visibility and liquidity.

Complementing real-time payments with real-time balance and transaction reporting improves cash visibility. This can be especially important if you make a lot of contingent payments. This includes business activities that are dependent on treasury receiving funds. For example, treasury may want to wait until certain funds have been received before releasing a particular payment. Cash visibility can be beneficial if you are being charged intraday credit or your bank does not permit intraday overdrafts.

Wider businesses may also benefit by triggering business activities based on contingent payments. For example, a supply chain team may want to hold on to a shipment until payment is received, accelerating their logistics process. In scenarios that need cash advance or cash-on-delivery, the buyer can make a real-time payment after inspecting the goods. Both parties win. The buyer reduces operational risk, and the seller reduces inventory and improves their working capital position.

With real-time payments, you are no longer beholden to the cut-off times, weekends and holidays. This means that payments can be made as late as possible. So, companies can meet emergency payments to meet any shortfall, and keep lower precautionary balances.

3. Speed up payment digitization and get the most value from your investments in modernization.

Payment processes are complex, and digitizing payments takes time. There are multiple reasons for this. Payment processes for large organizations often involve many roles; initiating, authorizing, and reconciling payments are typically handled by different parties, thereby drawing things out. Approval workflows can also be very complex, involving globally distributed teams. Technology teams may still have direct ownership of managing payment formats and bank connectivity.

When it comes to payment digitization, the U.S. has been behind other countries. Paper checks still account for 42% of payments disbursed by organizations, according to AFP research. The ubiquity of checks, inertia, and in some cases, tradition, continue to hold U.S. B2B payments back.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, payment digitization became even more essential. And since B2B payments are moving away from paper checks, then it only makes sense to complete those transactions as quickly and cheaply as possible.

Real-time payments leverage modern technology, especially APIs, as they transmit data instantly without the need for file downloads. By complementing real-time payments with automated bank account validation and payment policy screening corporates can set aside suspicious transactions for review while all other payments travel seamlessly. The value of payments modernization, including embracing real-time payments, lies in the endless possibilities it will bring to your future business growth.

Conclusion

Don’t dismiss real-time payments simply because they are new. Kyriba offers the most comprehensive coverage of real-time payments globally and we have taken an API-first approach, allowing CFOs and treasurers to inject real-time data-driven decision making into all financial operations. Whether you are an existing customer seeking to introduce real-time payments into your payment mix or a prospective customer seeking to digitize payments and treasury operations, we are ready to assist you in your journey. Contact us today.

Status of Real-time Payments Globally

Status of Raal-time Payments Globally

Source: Prime Time for Real-Time ACT Worldwide,2022

Click here to view all blogs by Kyriba

Footnotes:

  1. Calculated total cost for issuing a paper check on a per Item Basis (in-house or outsourced)
  2. Calculated total cost for receiving a paper check on a per item basis
  3. Initiating and receiving ACH transaction (internal and external costs)
  4. The median transaction cost for initiating and receiving RTP payments on a per item basis
  5. Calculated cost for sending and receiving wire payments on a per-item basis
  6. Total calculated cost for outgoing payments made (including personnel, IT technology, compliance, audit, etc.) via a card (procurement, T&E, and virtual) per transaction
  7. The internal median cost range for receiving credit card transactions (including personnel, IT technology, file connectivity, encryption, audit, PCI DSS compliance, etc.)
  8. The external median cost range for receiving credit card transactions (including issuer/acquirer/processor interchange, assessment, monthly fees, etc.)

marcus evans | 6th Annual Banking Book Risk Management | 31 January – 1 February | Amsterdam

13-12-2022 | treasuryXL | marcus evans | LinkedIn |

We are proud to announce our media partnership with marcus evans group for the 6th Annual Banking Book Risk Management.

Taking place in Amsterdam from 31 January to 1 February, this leading event will bring together banking risk management experts from across Europe to address upcoming regulatory and macroeconomic challenges.

Amsterdam, The Netherlands

31 January – 1 February

This premier marcus evans event will bring together leading industry experts in Banking Book Risk Management transformation from across Europe to address the coming regulatory and macroeconomic challenges. Key industry professionals will explain how to adapt banking book risk frameworks for IRRBB and CSRBB compliance, meet macroeconomic challenges, enhance behavioral and deposit modeling, and integrate these risks into an effective FTP and steering strategy.   

 

Key Themes in the agenda:

  1. Develop and maintain the appropriate frameworks to enable effective IRRBB compliance
  2. Adapt banking book risk management to meet emerging macroeconomic challenges
  3. Address additional regulatory demands within the banking book
  4. Establish best practices for behavioural and NMD modelling
  5. Integrate interest rate risk into pricing and steering

 

Interested in joining this exclusive event? Then contact Mr. Ayis Panayi at [email protected]  for discounts available or visit the website https://bit.ly/3CpfzJQ. Looking forward to welcoming you at the event!

The Impact of Russian Aggression on Regional Treasury & FX

13-12-2022 | treasuryXL | ComplexCountries | LinkedIn |

This call was held at a point in the conflict where Ukraine had made serious inroads into Russian held territory, and there was a lot of talk about the potential use by Russia of nuclear weapons. So, one of the questions was whether treasurers are expecting a nuclear escalation, a spread of the conflict, and what to do to prepare for it.

Source

None of these concerns were mentioned. For most companies, the business in the countries surrounding Russia and Ukraine is minimal. The bigger concern is, and remains, the impact on the business outlook in the rest of the world, the impact of increasing interest rates, inflation, and logistics issues – though logistics seem to be improving.

Instead, most participants continue to do business in Russia – mostly because they are in industries that benefit from the health and humanitarian exceptions to sanctions. In other cases, the business is essentially local, but uses the corporate brand – this means care must be taken when withdrawing. Having an exception from sanctions still leaves issues:

  • Even if your currency transactions are legal, a lot of banks refuse to handle them, because they do not want to take the risk of dealing with the country.
  • Many banks withdraw, reducing the choice of service providers. There was a lot of discussion about Citi – most participants use them, but there has been some confusion as to whether they are staying. The message to all participants is that they are.
  • Even when cross-border transactions are processed, there can be a lot of delay: the banks’ compliance departments examine everything very closely – but they are overworked.
  • The definitions of sanctions exempted products are inconsistent between various sanctioning groups (notably, the US and the EU), and they leave logical inconsistencies
  • The sanctions and regulations on both sides are something of a moving target, so compliance can be challenging.
  • There was an informal trouble zone in the countries surrounding Russia: Georgia, Kazakhstan, etc. This business is now moving to USD and EUR, which has reduced liquidity.

Despite this, our participants found it is generally possible to make payments into and out of Russia, even if the process can take a long time. Banks are moving to close offshore rouble accounts, especially in London, but they are being flexible over deadlines. Dividends are definitely not allowed, but most other types of payment seem to be possible. While some participants continue to move towards the exit – protecting local employees remains a priority – other are finding that their business in Russia is doing surprisingly well.

In terms of banking, everyone seemed to be using Citi [this discussion took place before Citi announced their withdrawal from Russia – from March 2023], though most were opening accounts with Raiffeisen as a backup. This is a return to the Communist era, when Raiffeisen was the main conduit for payments to and from Russia.

Bottom line: for our treasurers, the main concern is slowing economic growth in the west, increasing energy prices, higher interest rate and inflation. This is impacting their main business, which is typically not in Eastern Europe. As for Russia itself, people continue to move towards the exit – but those who have to stay, for mostly humanitarian reasons, are finding that business is complicated – but it continues.

Contributors:

This report was produced by Monie Lindsey based on a Treasury Peer Call chaired by Damian Glendinning

To access this report

Access to the full report is available to Premium Subscribers of ComplexCountries. Please log in on the website of ComplexCountries to access the download.
Please contact ComplexCountries to find out about their subscription packages.

How to use pricing to create an effective hedging program

12-12-2022 | treasuryXL | Kantox | LinkedIn |

In this article, we explore the links between pricing and creating an effective currency hedging strategy. We reveal how a simple PEG framework —Pricing, Exposure, Goals— can allow CFOs and treasurers to correctly define their FX goals, the type of exposure they need to collect and process, and the best hedging program for their business.

Pricing as a hedging mechanism

Transactional currency risk, it is often said, occurs between the moment an FX-denominated transaction is agreed upon and the moment it is settled in cash.

That’s OK, but what if the transaction was priced well before it was agreed, which is a realistic description of how things really work?

That’s why at Kantox, we developed the concept of pricing risk. pricing risk is the risk that between the moment an FX-driven price is set and the moment a transaction is agreed upon, a shift in the FX rate might impact budgeted profit margins.

Closely related to this is the idea that pricing is itself a hedging mechanism. Why? Because you can remove pricing risk by frequently updating your prices.

And that brings us to the topic of pricing parameters and hedging. 

Dynamic pricing

Let us start with dynamic pricing. There is a growing list of industries where dynamic pricing is becoming the norm: travel, chemical traders, hospitality, railways, entertainment, insurance, online advertisement, retail and even shipping.

This trend reflects the fall in transaction costs made possible by the availability of real-time data and the rise of geolocation services and payment apps.

Meanwhile, algorithms take into account supply and demand conditions, competitor pricing and other variables.

Two things need to be considered when it comes to dynamic pricing:

(a) prices are ‘FX-driven’; that is, an FX rate is systematically part of the pricing formula;

(b) prices are frequently updated, therefore leveraging the full capacity of pricing to act as a hedging mechanism. 

Other pricing models

Despite its growing popularity, dynamic pricing is not the only pricing mechanism out there. We can single out at least two other very significant models: 

1. Steady prices for individual campaigns/periods. Some businesses, like catalogue-based tour operators, keep prices stable for an entire campaign/budget period and set new prices at the start of the following period. Things to consider here:

(a) Prices are also FX-driven, just like in dynamic pricing.

(b) The pricing impact of the ‘cliff’, or a sharp FX rate fluctuation between two campaign/budget periods, is fully passed on to customers at the onset of a new period. Here too, pricing acts as a hedging mechanism, but not to the extent it does in dynamic pricing.

2. Steady prices for a set of campaigns/periods. Some firms need or simply desire to keep prices steady not only for one individual campaign/budget period but for a set of campaign/budget periods linked together. Things to consider:

(a) Prices are not FX-driven: the FX rate plays no role in pricing;

(b) The pricing impact of the ‘cliff’ cannot be passed on to customers at the onset of a new period. Pricing, quite obviously, is not a hedging mechanism in this case.

Putting it all together: the PEG framework: Pricing-Exposure-Goals

The PEG or Pricing – Exposure – Goals framework provides actionable clarity when discussing pricing and currency hedging in the context of cash flow hedging programs:

For firms with frequently updated FX-driven prices, the goal is to protect the dynamic pricing rate in all their transactions. The exposure to hedge is the company’s firm sales/purchase orders. The right program is a micro-hedging program for firm commitments.

For companies that keep steady prices during individual campaign/budget periods, the goal is to protect the campaign/budget rate. The exposure to hedge is the forecasted revenues and expenditures for that particular campaign. The right program is a combination of a static hedging program, conditional orders and a micro-hedging program for firm commitments. 

Finally, for firms that keep steady prices across a set of campaign/budget periods linked together, the goal is to smooth out the hedge rate over time. The exposure to hedge is a rolling forecast for a set of periods linked together. The right program is a layered hedging program. 

Currency Management Automation solutions allow you to reach all your goals, whatever the pricing parameters of your business.

Embedded Finance Explained, by François de Witte

08-12-2022 | François de Witte | treasuryXL | LinkedIn | As embedded finance continues to evolve, there is an opportunity for treasurers to explore how these developments could help their businesses. The present article explores what embedded finance really means, what’s driving progress in this space, and where should treasurers begin.

Read more

Recording Panel Discussion | Treasury Trends for 2023

28-11-2022 | treasuryXL | Nomentia | LinkedIn |

Recently, we had a panel discussion about a few major treasury trends for 2023 together with Nomentia and experts Pieter de Kiewit, Patrick Kunz, Niki van Zanten, and Huub Wevers. If you didn’t get the chance to attend the webinar, you can find the recording here.

During this interactive live discussion we covered some of the following topics:

  • Market and FX Risk management in current times of uncertainty.
  • Top treasury technologies to consider for 2023. Will APIs deliver their promises?
  • Building the bridge between Ecommerce and treasury.
  • The rapidly changing role of treasury to facilitate business success
  • Treasury technology visions beyond 2023.
Watch the recording

 

 

Why you need to automate swap execution

22-11-2022 | treasuryXL | Kantox | LinkedIn |

Do you struggle with having a perfect match between your currency hedging position and the cash settlement of the underlying commercial exposure? We’ll let you in on a secret: most treasurers and finance teams do. But how can you simplify this time-consuming and resource-intensive task? In this article, we show why you need to automate swap execution and how you can do it.

We reveal why this is an essential issue for treasurers, how it’s typically handled, and why automated swap execution can help finance teams play a more strategic role in the business. 

Setting the scene

Treasurers know that it is practically impossible to have a perfect match between the firm’s currency hedging position and the cash settlement of the underlying commercial exposure. That’s especially the case if those hedges were taken long before. This is why swapping is so essential.

Let us briefly see an example. If you have a ‘long’ USD forward position with a given value date and you need, say, 10% of that amount in cash right now, a swap agreement allows you to perform that adjustment.

With the ‘near leg’ of the swap, you buy the required amount of USD in the spot market while simultaneously selling —with the ‘far leg’ of the swap— the same amount of USD at the value date of the forward contract. And that’s how you adjust your firm’s hedging position.

Pain points: a resource-intensive activity

Swapping can be extremely time-consuming and resource-intensive, particularly if many transactions, currencies and liquidity providers are involved. We recently saw how a large European food producer was struggling mightily with manual swap execution, a dreadful situation faced by many, if not most, companies.

Among the most common pain points, we can cite the following three:

  • Operational risk. Many tasks are manually executed: retrieving incoming payments, selecting liquidity providers and confirming trades. The entire workflow relies on emails that circulate back and forth with spreadsheets carrying potential data input errors, copy & paste errors, formatting errors, and formula errors.
  • Lack of traceability. Lack of proper traceability hinders the process of assessing hedging performance, as swap legs are manually traced back to the corresponding forward contracts.
  • Risk of unethical behaviour. Understood as the risk that early mistakes that are not immediately reported may lead to severe losses down the road, it is prevalent throughout.

Traceability and automated swap execution

Traceability is when each element along the journey from FX-denominated entry to position to operation to payment has its own unique reference number. But how can we apply this concept to solve the problem of manual swap execution?

The answer is automated swap execution, a solution that is embedded in Currency Management Automation software. It relies on the perfect end-to-end traceability between the different ‘legs’ of a swap agreement and the original forward contract. Meanwhile, FX gains/losses and swap points are automatically calculated. It’s dead simple!

Swap automation is a powerful tool for the treasury team. At the company level, it opens the way to:

  • According to recent surveys, increasing the efficiency of treasury operations is the No. 1 expectation in tech for CFOs.
  • Using more currencies in the business to take advantage of the profit-margin enhancing possibilities of ‘embracing currencies’.
  • Taking a concrete step toward the ‘digital treasury’ is a concern voiced by many CFOs and treasurers.

At a personal level, in terms of the daily workload of members of the treasury team, automated swap execution means:

  • More time to concentrate on high-value-adding tasks such as fine-tuning and improving cash flow forecasts.
  • Reduced stress levels.
  • Increased productivity at work.

And that’s no small achievement!