Tag Archive for: corporate treasury

Guide to Treasury Technlogy by ACT & AFP

| 1-5-2017| treasuryXL | ACT | AFP |

ACT and AFP have published a Guide to Treasury Technology sponsored by Bloomberg, which might be interesting for you.
Managing treasury tasks has become more complex due to globalization of markets and increasing uncertainty in business since the first AFP edition appeared in 2011. Since then treasurers faced multiple challenges to exercise control of treasury activities, especially group activities.

Managing treasury has become more complex during the years in the face of global change and increasingly uncertain markets. Treasury practitioners face magnified challenges, as they try to gain more visibility and exercise more control over group activities. Treasury technology developed quickly to help them to operate more efficiently and answer compliance requests with ever more stringent regulation. Automate processes was one of the biggest challenges. Technology can help treasury play a more strategic role, automate routines and be compliant with regulatory environment.

Joint AFP/ACT publication, sponsored by Bloomberg

This guide is the first joint AFP/ACT publication and aims to help practitioners to identify a cost-efficient solution.

The first chapter starts with a detailed introduction of the development of treasury technology, expectations towards this technology and how the evolution of the Corporate Treasurer took place. This chapter illustrates how the technology available to treasurers has developed over the last 15 years. A brief explanation of how dedicated treasury technology was first developed is followed by details of how a series of factors have moulded the treasury technology market into the one we see today. Three points are highlighted: that the treasury technology market has matured, tremendous improvements in the quality of connectivity and what the changes brought with them for Corporate Treasurers.

Why review technology?

In Chapter 2 the drivers for reviewing the technology and a case study are presented.
With the rapid changes in available technology, the increased opportunity for treasury centralization and the need for treasurers to be able to demonstrate control over activities, treasurers were reviewing how best to deploy technology in order to help them perform their various roles effectively. Given the different environments in which companies operate, the potential benefits from the deployment of a new technology solution can vary significantly. This chapter outlines some of the key drivers that are encouraging treasury practitioners to review their use of technology.

Purpose of technology

Chapter 3 deals with the purpose of technology and identifies the core roles of the treasury department. Also how treasury structure can affect the use of technology. When assessing a deployment of technology, treasurers need to determine their requirements of the technology. This chapter includes a series of questions to help treasurers clarify their existing operations and also identify how structures and processes might change with the adoption of new technology. A case study shows how a company uses a certain technology to improve process quality.

Technology solutions

Chapter 4 presents treasury technology solutions.
A wide range of technology solutions is available to support treasurers. Treasury management systems are able to support the majority of the work of most treasury departments. However, it is also possible to develop a technology solution that supports treasury departments, including those with complex operations, without adopting a treasury management system. This can be achieved by developing in-house solutions or by using tools offered by banks and other vendors. A range of potential solutions available to support treasurers is presented in this chapter.

Evaluation and building a business case

Chapter 5 is about the evaluation process and how building a business case can help to evaluate which technology fits best. How to build a business case and then how to develop a requirements definition is explained in detail. The requirements definition is a critical part of the process: it helps to set the scope for the project and is the core document in the selection process. The process of developing the requirements definition also helps to build support for, and awareness of, the project throughout the rest of the organization.

Selection, implementation and maintaining the solution

Chapter 6, 7 deal with the selection and implementation process, while chapter 9 tells you more about maintaining the solution over time.

Trends

Chapter 10, the final chapter describes some of the current trends in treasury technology and lines out how they might impact treasurers over the coming years. Some of the key areas of development in technology and also some of the market changes which might require a technological response are presented.

In the appendix of the guide you will find information on how to develop a request for proposal (RFP) , a checking list for this RFP and a very detailed country reports list.

Source: © Association for Financial Professionals, ACT (Administration) Limited and WWCP Limited (except articles by Bloomberg LP), 2016, ISBN 978 1 899518 47 0 book 978 1 899518 48 7 CD ROM, for the articles  Bloomberg LP, 2016 | TMI

Our conclusion

A very detailed, valuable guide for all who want to learn more about treasury technology, want to find out more on how to select the best technology solution that meets the specific requirements of their company and what to focus on during the purchase and implementation process. You can find the guide on tmi, after registering for free.

 

Singing from the same hymn sheet

| 26-4-2017 | Hubert Rappold | Sponsored content |

Hubert Rappold from TIPCO Treasury & Technology, puts the case for a treasury information platform (TIP), which acts as an information hub for the treasury department and reduces companies’ reliance on “Excel-based monstrosities” that are doomed to fail.

 

A typical treasury department runs a number of systems: a treasury management system for day-to-day operations, a trading platform, a market information system, electronic banking software and so on. So why on earth would you really need a separate treasury information platform (TIP)? After all, the data already exists in a multitude of other systems. Well, that is certainly true but also part of the challenge. If there is no single place where all the data can come together to create your reports at the press of a button, you will most likely be forced into a mediocre data warehouse solution also used by other departments or into a ‘handmade’ spreadsheet-based solution with all its drawbacks.

On top of that, even in an ideal world, when all your data is in a single system, there are circumstances where it is almost certain that you will need to integrate additional data. Just think about acquisitions. lt usually takes years before the systems are harmonised. So what do you do in the meantime?

Requirements of a TIP

A TIP needs to fulfil a range of requirements in order to satisfy the needs of treasury departments.

  • lt needs to be easy to use
  • lt needs to integrate existing data sources
  • lt needs to have a flexible reporting engine
  • lt needs to be easy to maintain
  • lt needs to be extensible

What happens if these requirements are not fulfilled is quite easy to imagine. Your reporting will be cumbersome, error-prone and data quality will be poor. Ultimately, the reporting project will fail and a new generation of interns will develop yet another Excel-based monstrosity doomed to failure.

Let’s look at these requirements in greater detail:

  • If it is not easy to use, it will not be accepted by your users, resulting in poor data quality and frustration. The benchmarks are spreadsheet­based solutions. If the handling is as easy as in these systems, then your users will be happy.
  • If it does not integrate existing data sources, you force users to duplicate entries, resulting in frustration and hence in poor data quality. Of course this is not a one-way street. Think about the FX exposure captured by your subsidiaries as part of the forecasting process and locally contracted FX transactions. Your risk manager will be more than happy to have this information in his or her treasury management system. Think about payment advices. Collect this information and you can use it to optimise the funding of your cash pools. Your TIP will act as an information hub for the treasury department, passing data back and forth between various systems.
  • If it does not provide a flexible reporting engine, you will not be able to react to ever­changing requests from internal and external sources and will essentially resort to time­consuming, cumbersome and error-prone spreadsheet reporting. Flexible not only means that it covers all functional aspects. lt also means that even without being an IT guru you should get meaningful information out of the system. However, be on your guard if you are told that you will be able to create sophisticated reports within minutes without any training. That only works well in promotional videos. Invest some time in proper training and be the master of your reports.
  • If it is not easy to maintain, you will be frustrated by the administrative overhead of the system instead of working straight on the analysis of the data. lt needs to be straightforward to add new users, companies and company groups. Whether via manual input or interfaces, the data needs to end up in your reporting solution without delay, without reprogramming, and without any external expertise.
  • If it is not extensible, you will be forced to install even more systems if a new function is required, such as cash flow forecasting, bank relationship management and guarantees. Therefore, think ahead. Before selecting a system, clearly state what you want it to do now and in the future.

Outline of system architecture

Below, I have outlined how such a system could fit into your existing system environment and what the interactions are between these components.

The TIP acts as the information hub between the various systems. lt receives and passes on data to and from other systems. Based on this data, all the reports are created without any need for manual consolidation.

Benefits of a TIP

  • The TIP receives the data from other systems and passes it on to other systems. This reduces the number of interfaces between systems and hence the overall complexity.
  • The reports are created from a single common data source. There will never again be any more mismatches between different reports as they are all created from the same set of data.
  • lt becomes less costly and less risky to replace components of your system architecture. If you need to replace one of the components, you can be sure of having a minimal impact on the overall system architecture. If you use a new treasury management system (TMS), you only need to replace a few interfaces between the TIP and the TMS. If you switch to a new market information provider – no problem, just replace the interface to the TIP. lt will pass on the data in the established way to all the other systems involved.
  • lt becomes easier to add new functionality: If you require a new function, for example, cash flow forecasting, it is also easier to update or extend a lightweight TIP instead of relying on the next release cycle of your TMS provider.
  • lt becomes easier to add acquisitions: Even if newly acquired companies are not integrated into your system infrastructure, they can use uploads or simple screens to provide their data.

Selecting a TIP

Usually, a TIP is selected because there is one burning issue that needs to be solved, for example, a group-wide overview of bank accounts or cash flow forecasting. If you select a TIP for any of these functionalities, always ask yourself what could be the next burning issue. These are usually identified by analysing the existing spreadsheet-based solutions. Any of these is a good candidate to be replaced by the TIP.

With this list in mind, look at the existing providers and make sure that they cover all your needs and not only the one that currently causes most of the pain. Also make sure that the system provider has treasury experience. Just think about cash flow forecasting. Most system vendors will tell you that planning is part of their system. However, a closer look will show you that basic functionality is missing; for example, the connection to the financial status as the starting point of the forecast or the display of credit facilities according to their maturity structure. Basic things, if you are treasurer, but a different world for the average system provider.

Also make sure that the system has an intuitive user interface, especially where large amounts of data are captured, for example, for the cash flow forecast. lt should be as easy as a spreadsheet­based solution in order to gain the acceptance needed. Interfaces should exist to all relevant standards and systems. Last and definitely not least, a large customer base that happily acts as references is a must. If this does not exist, the chances are high that the system provider will develop the system at your expense.

Look at your current treasury reporting. If you encounter lots of spreadsheet-based solutions, if you see files transferred via e-mail, if a lot of manual work is needed to create reports and if you find yourself tracking down differences between different reports time and again, you should consider a treasury reporting solution like TIP.

For more information please refer to TIPCO Treasury & Technology

Hubert Rappold – CEO at TIPCO Treasury & Technology

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Treasurers to be the strategic super-heroes for their CFO

|3-4-2017 | GTNews | Lionel Pavey | Udo Rademakers |

Treasurers to be the super-hero for their CFO? We found this article headline on GTNews.com so intriguing that we asked our experts Lionel Pavey and Udo Rademakers to comment on it. According to the article the role of the treasurer has to be re-evaluated due to the fact that deal-making (figures of mergers and acquisitions have increased) is high on the global agenda. Traditionally treasurers focussed on informing the C-Suite and the board and integrated systems and processes after decisions about a deal were made.  Treasurers started to address this issue, which led to a new role of the treasurer, in fact a much more strategic role. The treasurer was no longer a risk manager, but also a ‘business change enabler ‘.  GTNews states: ‘The treasurer who opens this door is truly aligning themselves to the needs of the chief financial officer (CFO).They’ll be a superhero.’

Expert Lionel Pavey added some valuable information on the 4 different stages of a M&A proces.

Targeting

  1. Examine the different methods of payment – cash, debt, equity
  2. Discretely ascertain interest rate levels if using debt
  3. What are the effects of additional debt on the existing bank covenants and financial ratios
  4. Complete takeover or just buying a business unit or division?

Negotiating

  1. Examine the cashflow forecast of the target
  2. Examine any documentation on outstanding loans
  3. Existing pledges – Letter of Credit, Bank Guarantees, financial contracts, contingent liabilities
  4. Outstanding debtors, creditors, taxes etc.

Closing

  1. Detailing the bank accounts
  2. Either merging the bank accounts or creating new accounts at the time of closing
  3. Agreeing all bank balances and outstanding claims
  4. Receiving detailed cashflow forecast for the first 2-3 months after closing date
  5. Combining the new cashflows with the existing forecasts
  6. Arrange any agreed financing

Integration

  1. Close all existing facilities and services that will be no longer used
  2. Ensure the new data is present in the book keeping system
  3. All counterparties are informed of new bank accounts
  4. All authorized personnel have access to new banking systems

Expert Udo Rademakers states:
The posting at gtnews.com  points out where treasurers could add value in M&A activities. Unfortunately, in too many cases, treasurers had been brought into M&A transactions rather late: at a stage where the acquisition already had been concluded and where the treasurer only gets involved in “getting the deal done”.

As pointed out in the article, this is often a missed chance for the company and also for the treasurer of not adding more strategic value. Apart from that, the sooner the treasurer gets on board, the better the company can prepare for this kind of rather complicated transactions. It enabled the treasurer as well to act on a tactical level in order to support the M&A transaction in a cost efficient and well documented way.

What strategic value could the Treasurer bring?

  1. value the target company or the combined entity as a whole based on CF projection models
  2. evaluate the capital mix (cash, debt, equity)
  3. evaluate borrowing capacity/credit lines (low risk, best price)
  4. evaluate the country risk
  5. creating the funding flow overview and analyze this (timing of transactions)
  6. evaluate credit- and forex risk (natural hedging possibilities, consider to pay as much as possible from     “restricted countries” in order to decrease your restrained cash)

If the treasurer has been on board for the strategic part, he is well informed and able to manage the tactical part systematical as soon as the effectuation of the transaction takes place.

The treasurer needs to arrange (if applicable):

  1. temporary limit increase with banks
  2. forex transactions (increase of in- and external limits if needed)
  3. time critical payments to agencies, funding parties, seller, capital injections etc. : validate account information, prepare correct timing of the flow (cut off times, correct payment details and descriptions, etc.)
  4. documenting of all transaction in a systematic way and liaise with all in- and external parties involved.

Especially in high demanding environments where one transaction takes place after the other, mistakes will be made and processes might not be well documented. Obviously this could lead to higher risk and additional costs and lots of additional (correcting) work afterwards. Having a well prepared, skilled treasurer on board could avoid this.

Hence the comparison with a superhero…

Conclusion

Involve the treasurer from the first step
Draw up a detailed project plan for M&A and ensure that it is signed off by Board of Directors
Implement project plan for every M&A
Identify all costs linked to M&A
Highlight any cost savings and/or efficiencies

Lionel Pavey

 

Lionel Pavey

Cash Management and Treasury Specialist

 

 

 

Udo Rademakers

Independent Treasury Consultant & Interim Manager

 

 

 

 

Banker to corporate treasury transfer – A topic as relevant as ever

| 27-3-2017 | Pieter de Kiewit | treasuryXL

In July 2016 our expert Pieter de Kiewit wrote an article about bankers who want to make a transfer into corporate treasury. With all the news about major banks laying off huge numbers of staff and the recent news that ABN AMRO asks 30 top managers to leave the bank or accept demotion, we believe that this topic is still very relevant and worthwhile to be published. Pieter de Kiewit wrote his blog based upon his observations working as a treasury recruitment consultant having meetings with many of them.

The transfer has been made many times successfully, even more it appeared to be impossible.

You have to ask yourself: “why do I want this?”. If this is your lifelong dream your application strategy will be different from the situation where your employer asked you to leave. Be honest with yourself, you know the answer. I will describe the consequence of both scenarios.

If your dream is working in a corporate treasury, you have acted upon this. Your studies included the right topics, you visited the relevant events and in your communication with clients you showed a sincere interest what their tasks involve. You projected yourself in these tasks and are able to tell why you would be good at it, why you prefer them over your banking tasks. You already knew there will be a pay cut and that is no problem. Your story is sound and the hiring manager will notice. It will be authentic and most likely you will not apply from unemployment.

If you were made redundant and will try to convince the hiring manager you always wanted to be a corporate treasurer, you will fail. Why didn’t you try before? What did you do to prepare for this step? Can one notice you understand their job?

Just tell it like it is: you studied to be a banker, you loved the job and were great at it. Times have changed and regretfully you have to recalibrate. But there is a silver lining: you have a valuable skill set your potential employer might benefit from. But here is where it gets a bit harder: it is your job to find out what the (potential) problem of you future boss is and why you can solve it. He/she will not take the effort to find out. So ask questions, match them to your skill set and do not use banking lingo. Ask your friends if they think you have an old school banking attitude (“you might receive our funding”). If so, ditch it. You do not have to beg for the job but you might mention you look forward to working together and being successful.

Good luck out there!

Pieter de Kiewit

 

 

Pieter de Kiewit
Owner Treasurer Search

 

Toename SCF om werkkapitaal te financieren

| 14-3-2017 | Jan de Kroon |

Rond de Creditexpo verschijnen er tal van artikelen over de voor en nadelen van uiteenlopende ontwikkelingen rond het thema Supply chain financering (SCF). Zo publiceerde PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PwC) recent in verkorte vorm de uitkomsten van een gehouden onderzoek naar Reversed Factoring als alternatief voor werkkapitaalfinanciering van banken.

Het zal de lezer niet verbazen dat SCF in het algemeen en reversed factoring specifiek, hard groeien. Het is een nieuwe trend en dus is er ook een groeiende groep innovators en early adopters. Dat laatste echter vooral bij adviserende of toeleverende partijen in het proces. En dus met een zeker belang.

Waarbij ik overigens geen waardeoordeel geef;  ik ben zelf ook adviseur.
Wel is het van belang iedere ontwikkeling en dus ook deze, te beoordelen op de werkelijke merites. Anders dan in relatie tot bancaire financiering heet het niet voor niets Supply chain financiering.

Belangrijk is te bedenken dat het juist daar van toegevoegde waarde is, waar de vertrouwensrelatie tussen leverancier en afnemer in de keten ‘beyond reasonable doubt’ is. Je hebt een relatie waarin je langer met elkaar optrekt als op elkaar ingespeelde ketenspelers. Omdat dat vertrouwen er is kan het ook zonder bank en omdat je het vaker met en voor elkaar doet, loont het ook er wat meer ‘(infra)structurele’ afspraken over te maken.

Dat houdt tegelijkertijd in dat als de connectie een minder frequente of regelmatige is, het instrument minder tot zijn recht komt. Mutatis mutandis geldt dat ook voor ‘reversed factoring’ als belangrijk SCF instrument. Anders dan reguliere factoring gaat het niet om het bevoorschotten op basis van de kredietwaardigheid van de verkoper, maar om het voorfinancieren van debiteuren in portefeuille op basis van hun kredietwaardigheid. Daarmee is het een alternatief voor die bedrijven die op basis van hun eigen kredietwaardigheid niet of moeilijk bij banken of factormaatschappijen terecht kunnen. Hoewel het wordt aangeboden door factormaatschappijen, kan echter ook een opvolgende ketenspeler hier zijn surplus cash voor inzetten. Met name dat laatste is interessant omdat op die manier er een zekere ‘disintermediatie’ plaatsvindt; de supply chain regelt het zelf buiten de financiële sector om en bespaart zich de tussenmarge.

Belangrijk is ons te realiseren dat SCF nu juist de ketenactiviteit en dus een zeker repeterend karakter benadrukt en de financiering daarop inregelt. Voor meer eenmalige transacties of transacties met minder regelmaat is SCF en daarmee reversed factoring vooralsnog minder geschikt. In dat soort gevallen is voorlopig de weg naar nieuwe start-ups als ‘Debiteurenbeurs’ meer geschikt. Daar kan een onderneming afzonderlijke facturen of incidentele liquiditeitskrapte op maat oplossen.

Jan de Kroon

 

Jan de Kroon

Owner & Managing partner of Improfin Groep

Managing treasury risk: Liquidity Risk (VI)

|13-3-2017 | Lionel Pavey |

There are lots of discussions concerning risk, but let us start by trying to define what we mean by risk. In today’s article I will focus on liquidity risk. Many companies have very significant credit needs and this needs to be formally addressed with a credit analysis procedure in place. In my former articles I dealt with risk management, interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk, commodity risk and credit risk. See the complete list at the end of today’s article.

Liquidity risk comes in 2 distinct forms – market liquidity risk and funding liquidity risk.

Market Liquidity Risk

This relates to assets and potential illiquidity in the market and, as such, can be considered a market risk. In a normal functioning market it is always possible for market participants (buyers, sellers, market makers and speculators) to find each other and negotiate a price for their transactions. Assuming that the transaction is of a normal market size, there should be no dramatic change to the price of the asset after the transaction.

At the time of a crisis, participants could be absent from the market, making it difficult – if not impossible – to trade an asset. Sellers are left frustrated as there are no opportunities to sell the asset they are holding and vice versa for buyers. This can occur due to a financial crisis, changes in legislature, scarcity of an asset or someone attempting to corner the market. An asset generally will have a value, but if there are no buyers in the market that value can not be realised.

Liquidity risk is not the same as falling prices – after all prices are free to rise or fall. If an asset was priced at zero then it means that the market considers its value to be nothing. This is different from trying to sell an asset but not being able to find a buyer.

Markets for Foreign Exchange, Stocks, Shares, Bonds and many Futures and other derivatives are generally highly liquid. Off balance sheet products related to physical settlement can be less liquid as there is a need to actually provide physical settlement. Bespoke products like CDO’s can be considered illiquid as their size is normally small (relatively speaking) and not freely tradeable. Also the complexity needed to value the product affects its liquidity.

Housing is an asset class with very low liquidity – sometimes a property could be sold as soon as it hits the market. At other times the same property could be available for sale for many years and the price reduced regularly, without attracting a firm buyer.
The easiest and quickest way to see if there is a heightened market liquidity risk is via the bid – offer spread. If this is suddenly seen widening, this would imply that there appears to be more risk. In a normal, liquid market, the spreads are fairly constant and small, allowing participants to easily step in and transact. A widening of spreads occurs in a normal market when government data is published – nonfarm payrolls, balance of payment, etc. Within a short time the market will return to a normal spread as the information is properly digested and the market makers return. However, if the spreads widen without a publication event taking place, it is reasonable to assume that the risk has increased.
Additionally, risk could grow if reserve requirements were increased. In markets such as Futures, it is necessary to pay margin to the exchange. If these margin payments were increased, this would lead to transactions being more expensive and so lead to less liquidity in the market.

Market makers can also observe the market depth. This is shown by the quantity available for transacting at a particular price in their order books. When a market is perceived as being deep, it means there are many orders and, therefore, a large number of orders would be needed to move the market price significantly. The deeper the market, the more liquid the market.

Funding Liquidity Risk

This relates to the risk of not being able to settle debts when they are due. Treasury specialists in a corporate environment are acutely concerned with funding risk. Every month wages must be paid, together with tax and social premiums (pensions, insurance etc.) Additionally, it would be advantageous to pay trade creditors on time. Future liabilities also have to be funded after they have been recognized. This could mean arranging external financing.

If there is a liquidity crisis in the market, it becomes difficult and expensive to arrange to borrow the necessary funds. The price may be so high that the intended profit provided by selling the goods, is negated by the increased cost of funding. A reduction in the credit rating of a company can also lead to increased costs and a reluctance to lend.
If a company is known to have problems making payments, then the liquidity risk is specific to the company – the rest of the market will function normally.

Funding risk can also occur if creditors fail to pay you, or if an unforeseen event has occurred that leads to an outflow of cash from the company.
A company can initially perform a quick spot check to ascertain its current ratio. This shows if a company can meet its current liabilities with its current assets. A ratio of less than 1 would imply that the company can not meet all its obligations at the same time. However, this could also be because there is no short term finance arranged at that moment.
It is possible to arrange a line of credit with a financial provider. He defines a maximum loan (line of credit) that can be extended which the company may utilize. While it is normal to pay a standing charge for the balance of the line that is not being used, this can be offset by the knowledge that it is possible to drawdown against the line when needed (in normal circumstances). There is greater flexibility with a line of credit than with a traditional bank loan.

Other methods include –

i)                    Sell assets like stock that are slow moving and tying down cash

ii)                   Analyse all overheads – office equipment, expense claims

iii)                 Increase efficiency in the debtors’ administration. Be proactive

iv)                 Renegotiate with suppliers – better that you talk to them before it is too late

v)                  Design contingency plans

vi)                 Subject your business to stress testing

vii)               Apply the techniques of ALM (asset and liability management)

 

Some very well known companies have fallen to liquidity problems – Bear Sterns, Lehman Brothers, Northern Rock, ABN Amro, AIG, etc. While the risks were prevalent before the crises, the main liquidity problems occurred when it was determined that there was no more time allowed for the situation to remain.
Time is the soul of business.

Lionel Pavey

 

Lionel Pavey

Cash Management and Treasury Specialist 

 

 

 

More articles of this series:

Managing treasury risk: Risk management

Managing treasury risk: Interest rate risk 

Managing treasury risk: Foreign exchange risk

Managing treasury risk: Commodity Risk

Managing treasury risk: Credit Risk

De controller in een veranderende omgeving: Budgetteren als hulpmiddel bij cashmanagement

| 28-2-2017 | Olivier Werlingshoff | FM.nl |

 

Op de website FM.nl vonden wij een artikel van Theo van Houten ( 21 februari 2017) die wij graag met jullie willen delen.
Hij schrijft: ‘Zijn de methoden en technieken die controllers tijdens hun studie leerden nog wel relevant nu organisaties in een omgeving werken die inmiddels veel dynamischer en complexer is?’ Het artikel is een onderdeel van een serie en richt de focus op cash managment.

 

Cash Management

Theo van Houten schrijft dat cashmanagement gaat over alle activiteiten die verband houden met de optimalisatie van de kasstromen tussen de organisatie en haar stakeholders, zoals bijvoorbeeld klanten, leveranciers, werknemers en financiers. Een goed kasbeheer is voor een organisatie vaak van doorslaggevend belang. Dat komt mede door de hoge kosten die verbonden zijn aan het aanhouden van liquide middelen en het afwikkelen van ontvangsten en betalingen.

Maar de belangrijkste reden voor een goed cashmanagement is het voorkomen van een faillissement. Het CBS doet jaarlijks onderzoek naar de oorzaken van een faillissement. Daartoe onderzoekt zij gerechtelijke vonnissen om het eerder uitgesproken faillissement te beëindigen, omdat er bijvoorbeeld door de curator een akkoord met de schuldeisers is bereikt of omdat er een gebrek aan baten is. De rechter baseert zich bij die uitspraak op het verslag van de curator die de oorzaak van het faillissement heeft vastgesteld. In december 2016 publiceerde het CBS de cijfers over 2015. In dat jaar werden van 7.602 rechtspersonen (exclusief eenmanszaken) het faillissement beëindigd. Die organisaties waren door de volgende oorzaken failliet gegaan;

De belangrijkste oorzaken zijn dus:

  • Economische oorzaken. Denk hierbij aan toegenomen concurrentie, smaakveranderingen bij het publiek en veranderende economische omstandigheden (al dan niet in het buitenland).
  • Mismanagement, waarbij gedacht moet worden aan administratieve problemen, gebrekkig debiteurenbeheer, te hoge of te lage financiering en marketingmissers.
  • Overig. In deze categorie vallen zaken als een kredietstop en dubieuze/frauduleuze handelingen

Volgens The van Houten maakt het overzicht duidelijk dat in verreweg de meeste gevallen de oorzaken direct (krediet-stop, oninbare debiteuren, te lage financiering) of indirect (tegenvallende afzet, administratieve missers, hoge financieringslasten) de liquiditeit van de organisatie aantasten. Het gevolg daarvan is, dat er bijvoorbeeld niet meer kan worden ingekocht op rekening, personeel niet meer betaald kan worden of de te betalen belasting verschuldigd blijft. Een faillissement is dan vaak onafwendbaar.

Budgetteren als hulpmiddel bij cashmanagement

Een van de belangrijkste planningsinstrumenten waar een controller volgens The van Houten mee werkt is het budget. Budgetten zijn taakstellende begrotingen, dus aan financiële grenzen gebonden plannen van actie. Er zijn belangrijke redenen om te budgetteren. Vaak genoemd worden: kostenbeheersing, het verhogen van de slagkracht, coördinatie en communicatie, prestatiemeting en de bijdrage die ze leveren aan het voorspellen van de financiële resultaten van de organisatie.
Ook op het gebied van cashmanagement kunnen budgetten een belangrijke bijdrage leveren. Dat gebeurt via het zogenaamde masterbudget. Hiermee wordt een samenhangend geheel van alle deelbudgetten bedoeld, dat resulteert in een begrote eindbalans, begrote resultatenrekening én een liquiditeitsbegroting.
Om dat masterbudget op te stellen, begint de controller om in samenspraak met degenen die er zicht op hebben (de verkoopafdeling, bijvoorbeeld) een inschatting te maken van de te verwachten omzet voor komend jaar en meestal wordt dat nader gespecificeerd in verkopen per kwartaal, maand of week. Zodra dat bekend is, kan bepaald worden wat er elke periode geproduceerd moet worden, waarbij rekening gehouden wordt met beschikbare en gewenste voorraden eindproducten. Daarna kunnen de inkopen gebudgetteerd worden die noodzakelijk zijn om te kunnen produceren, waarbij ook hier rekening gehouden wordt met beschikbare en gewenste voorraden grondstof.

In veel organisaties start het budgetteringsproces in het najaar met het opstellen van een begroting, waarna voor het einde van het jaar de budgetten van komend jaar worden bepaald die vervolgens vaak een heel jaar ongewijzigd blijven. Deze budgetten zijn niet zelden ook het uitgangspunt waarop het cashmanagement is gebaseerd. De economische omstandigheden veranderen tegenwoordig echter zo snel, dat de budgetten veel minder houvast geven. Dat heeft grote gevolgen voor de mogelijkheid om aan betalingsverplichtingen te voldoen. Gaat het immers plotseling slechter, dan neemt de omzet af en dat heeft al snel veel minder ontvangsten tot gevolg. Als daar qua uitgaven niet op geanticipeerd wordt, ontstaan mogelijk onoverkomelijke betalingsproblemen. Maar ook als het economisch ineens veel beter gaat, dan zijn er potentiële risico’s rond de liquiditeit. De extra inkopen en de eventueel extra personeelsleden die ingezet moeten worden, dienen vaak veel eerder betaald te worden dan het moment waarop de extra ontvangsten worden geïncasseerd.

Taken controller

Theo van Houten : ‘Het bovenstaande maakt budgetteren geen zinloze exercitie voor cashmanagement, integendeel. Nog steeds spelen ze een belangrijke rol bij het inschatten van toekomstige ontvangsten en uitgaven. In mijn vorige column gaf ik echter al aan dat de hoogte en samenstelling van planningsinstrumenten als budgetten beduidend vaker moet worden herzien dan in veel organisaties nu het geval is.
Hiervoor dient de controller veel dichter op de business te zitten en te begrijpen hoe de bedrijfsprocessen werken, zodat de gevolgen voor de geldstromen van veranderingen veel beter en sneller ingeschat kunnen worden. Dat maakt het namelijk mogelijk om te anticiperen en tijdig, voordat de problemen ontstaan, maatregelen te nemen, zoals het uitstellen of vervroegen van investeringen, het maken van afspraken over betaaltermijnen met klanten en leveranciers of het regelen van extra kredietfaciliteiten. Kortom, de controller heeft hier een spilfunctie. Om die goed uit te voeren is het noodzakelijk dat hij of zij in de gesprekken met budgethouders de te verwachten ontvangsten en uitgaven steeds aan de orde stelt.’

De hele serie artikelen kunt u lezen op FM.nl

Theo van Houten is hoofddocent management accounting en onderzoeker bij het lectoraat Financial control aan de hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen. Tevens is hij onder meer (mede-)auteur van de boeken ‘Financial control van projecten’ en ‘Bedrijfseconomie in de praktijk’.

 

Zo ver het artikel van Theo van Houten. Wij hebben onze expert Olivier Werlingshoff gevraagd om zijn eigen inzichten hierover met ons te delen. Zijn antwoord:
‘Ik ben het helemaal eens met wat er in het artikel word aangegeven.Wat ik tot nu toe echter heb gemerkt is dat (financial) controllers vaak naar de organisatie kijken vanuit de boekhouding en niet zozeer vanuit geldstromen. Business controllers kijken daarentegen weer meer naar de organisatie-processen. Het zou goed zijn als er ook meer gericht wordt gekeken naar de geldstromen en hoe deze kunnen worden ingeschat en zelfs kunnen worden geoptimaliseerd. Een voorbeeld hiervan is om te kijken naar de cashmanagement mogelijkheden die er bestaan om gelden sneller binnen de organisatie op de gewenste plek te krijgen.
In wat complexere organisaties zou de functie van het opvolgen van de diverse processen met een cash bril beter kunnen worden opgepakt door een toegewijde cashmanager. Een cashmanager is vaak beter dan een controller op de hoogte van de mogelijkheden die er in de markt bestaan om cashstromen te optimaliseren en te beheersen. Een goed combinatie en samenwerking tussen een controller en een cashmanager is naar mijn mening de oplossing om de financiële processen goed in beeld te krijgen, budgetten op te stellen en acties op te zetten om indien nodig bij te sturen.’

Olivier Werlingshoff - editor treasuryXL

 

Olivier Werlingshoff

Managing Consultant at Proferus

 

Flex Treasurer: The life of an interim treasurer

| 16-2-2017 | Patrick Kunz |

 

An interim treasurer is just like a normal treasurer. The difference is that he has a flexible contract and changes “jobs” more often. Assignments can be to replace the existing treasurer due to leave or sickness. This means that he gets to take an operational role and be part of the normal organization, often until a “permanent” solution is found. I did several of these roles, which often last between 3-6 months and 1 year.

 

Treasury Support

Another option is to provide support to an existing team/treasurer/CFO on a treasury related project. These can be short term or longer projects. Often the projects cannot be filled with the existing capacity of the team and hiring a permanent FTE for this is not an option. Another reason can be to finish the project quicker due to nearing deadlines. These projects are often several weeks to a couple of months. For example I helped a big semi-profit organization from Rotterdam to investigate into embedded derivatives in the firm to comply with new regulation. The project was finished in several weeks and the accountant accepted my conclusions in the annual report. Also I build a RAROC model for one client to periodically rank their banks based on return versus risk adjusted capital. A powerful tool to compare banks and their profitability compared to their lending.

Treasury Expert

An interim/flex treasurer does not have to be a fulltime position. At big corporates and multinationals this is often the case but smaller firms often don’t have fulltime treasurers. Sometimes the controller or the CFO fulfills the treasury position “parttime”. A part time (external) treasurer could potentially add value here. The controller/CFO has extra time for his “normal” activities and an expert is hired for the treasury task. This can be from a couple of hours a day to several days. For example I helped a real estate company with the valuation and (weekly) margin calls on their interest rate derivative portfolio, their cash management optimalisation, treasury reporting and ad hoc work. 8 hours a week.

Treasury Scan

Are you not sure if treasury is optimal at your company? A treasury scan might be a solution. A ‘quick and dirty’ scan is possible in 1 day if treasury data is collected beforehand. The costs of a treasury scan are therefore limited and often earned back from treasury savings which were identified by the scan and later realized by either the flex treasurer or the company itself; often in combination.

Do you recognize one the above situations? Do you want to know more about an (interim) Flex Treasurer?
Please click on this link or visit my expert page on treasuryXL.

 

Patrick Kunz

Treasury, Finance & Risk Consultant/ Owner Pecunia Treasury & Finance BV & Flex Treasurer