Release your Working Capital and Treasury potential

| 26-09-2019 | treasuryXL | Cashforce |

Deriving meaningful information from extremely large volumes of data from multiple sources is time-consuming and inefficient for any finance or treasury function; whether that be to provide financial data or forecasts to the market, banks or internal stakeholders, the challenges are myriad. But the department cannot forecast without that insight.

To compound the problem, in a world where volatility and uncertainty have become the norm, treasurers are now part of their organisation’s strategic leadership and must increasingly find ways of bolstering their approach to gain a much-needed competitive edge.

This article considers three of the most common challenges for finance and treasury departments today, and explores how the Cashforce platform solves them:

  • Harnessing big data
  • Advanced cash flow forecasting
  • Implementing new technology.
HARNESSING BIG DATA: THE BIG PICTURE

Like many other departments within a business, most treasury functions have large volumes of consolidated data in complex spreadsheets, very rarely providing easy access to transactional data. Decision making is difficult as the answers are often buried in complicated formulas and countless links to excel templates. The problems caused by an inability to identify relevant data are compounded by any number of missed opportunities and risks. To put the big data problem into perspective, a report from McKinsey & Company suggests that a typical organisation uses less than 1% of the collected data to make decisions.

“A typical organisation uses less than 1% of the collected data to make decisions”

A major British retailer faced this very challenge — large volumes of data embedded in 10 different ERPs and no consolidated view on what was really tied up in working capital. To unlock the potential that already existed within the retailer’s own data, they asked Cashforce to implement a cloud-based solution with detailed dashboards to drill down from a consolidated position to core data by integrating with ERP systems. Within three weeks, this opened up over 20 million transactions per month, ready for analysis.

Cashforce‘s big data engine accesses vast volumes of data quickly and easily via a library of APIs and connectors which take raw data from multiple sources (including ERPs, Treasury Management Systems, data warehouses and banking platforms) and transforms it into meaningful, easy to understand dashboards — empowering the user with the big picture.

ADVANCED CASH FLOW FORECASTING: ML AND AI FOR INTELLIGENT SIMULATION

If cash is king, then accuracy in cash forecasting is the prodigal son. PwC‘s 2017 and 2019 Global Corporate Treasury Survey shows how forecasting accuracy is key to managing and running a business efficiently, and it continues to be a high ranking C-suite priority. A lack of transparency over data means that output from generic treasury management systems inaccurate and unfocused. To maximise predictive, trend-based behaviour you need access to the raw data. But how?

Far from the futuristic concepts, they were perceived to be, machine learning and artificial intelligence are being deployed right now, with stunning results. Smart algorithms are providing proactive optimisation actions to generate highly accurate forecasts, and intelligent simulation engines enable companies to consider multiple scenarios and measure their impact. Cashforce is unique in that the platform can be set up quickly, even in the most complex environments, seamlessly connecting with any ERP system. As a result, finance departments can be turned into business catalysts for cash generation opportunities throughout the company.

“If cash is king, then accuracy in cash forecasting is the prodigal son”

In the case of education company Pearson, CFO James Kelly was looking to improve the cash forecasting abilities of a TMS that was the equivalent of an Excel spreadsheet.

“If you don’t have predictability, you can end up overriding your forecast and saying ‘nine days out of ten I’m spot on, but there’s the risk that one day out of ten I’ll be miles out’ – so you decide to hold a lot of cash back just in case,” Kelly said.

Pearson partnered with Cashforce to deploy an AI-supported forecasting solution which integrated with the group’s systems, replaced manual keying with robotics, and provided multiple AI algorithms offering unprecedented insights into cash flow. AI-based forecasting unlocked significant amounts of trapped cash overseas, and balances were reduced by over £100 million — freeing up cash to invest elsewhere in the business instead of drawing down on credit facilities.

IMPLEMENTING NEW TECHNOLOGY: A NIMBLE APPROACH TO ONBOARDING

When it comes to the universal challenge of onboarding, the focus must be on simplification and streamlining. Central to this is the alignment of a library of connectors to data sources. This is why Cashforce’s working capital module integrates with multiple ERPs to provide granular detail within operational transactional data.  And because the user organisation may be running different or multiple ERPs in different regions, we recommend an ERP-agnostic solution.

The operational data in an ERP only provides half a story so our solution also sits on top of treasury systems to provide a holistic cash flow forecast combining both treasury and operations with data based on a client’s unique reporting requirements.

End-user flexibility is a key feature of any financial system today, so user roles can be defined and users added or removed by a client administrator.  The additional benefit of a SAAS platform means no heavy lifting is required by your IT department.

“With Cashforce, finance departments can be turned into business catalysts for cash generation”

In the course of a recent implementation, British manufacturer was faced with the challenge of Brexit-related contingency planning, when it decided to stockpile certain FDA-approved products destined for the US market.  The firm’s initial focus was on cash management and forecasting but refocused mid-way on working capital management with a major focus on inventory and traceability. Such a change in scope can often lead to significant delays in delivery, but with Cashforce driving the process, the project was delivered on time.

About Cashforce

Cashforce is a smart cash flow management and cash flow forecasting platform for working capital intensive businesses. Our technology is helping Finance departments save time and money by offering cash visibility & pro-active cash saving insights. CFOs and Finance departments can drill down to the cash flow drivers and smart algorithms are applied providing pro-active optimization actions. An intelligent simulation engine enables companies to consider multiple scenarios and measure their impact.  As a result, finance departments can be turned into business catalysts for cash generation opportunities throughout the company.

Cashforce is unique because it offers full transparency into what exactly drives the cash flow of complex (multinational, multi-bank, multi-currency, complex ERP(s)) enterprises, typically with revenues between € 50 million and € 10 billion.  It is the first cash management platform that builds a bridge between the treasury department and the actual business departments such as sales, logistics and purchasing. Unlike other enterprise software players, the Cashforce platform can be piloted within a few hours in complex environments, seamlessly connecting with any ERP system.

Currently users in over 40 countries are using our platform to streamline their cash management processes. Cashforce has proven its value in various complex environments, including environments where in-house banking, cash pooling, POBO, ROBO, etc. are used.

Cashforce is headquartered in Belgium with an office in New York City, serving customers such as Hyundai, Portucel, Alcadis among many others worldwide.

 

 

IBOR phase out – a serious challenge

| 17-9-2019 | treasuryXL | Enigma Consulting

For the last 40 years IBOR (interbank offered rates, including LIBOR and later also EURIBOR) have been a fact of daily life in the financial services industry. They have been the benchmark for lending, hedge contracts, current accounts, valuation models etc. for a long time till the regulators, central banks and market participants decided to seek alternatives as from 2012.

Besides the switch to new reference rates, it now seems that alternative rates will be fixed afterwards based on a daily fixing component while the LIBOR Rates are now published at the beginning of each interest period.

Transitioning to alternative rates and calculation methods will be challenging, and it will have serious implications for both financial institutions as their customers on how lending and hedge contracts are priced and how treasurers manage risks and their working capital.

Although a lot of about detailed timing and specifications of the new reference rates is still unclear, we strongly recommend our clients  to be pro-active and not to follow the ‘wait and see” approach as the impact is expected to be substantial and the demand for resources to support these changes will increase in the coming months.

Bas Kolenburg: “Although this transition seems to be in the distant future, now is the time to start preparing! The impact can be huge….”

Enigma Consulting support both financial institutions and their clients to adapt to these new market circumstances. For financial institutions, Enigma Consulting provides project management support for the migration activities and client communication. For (corporate) clients, Enigma Consulting is performing impact analyses, that result in an action plan/ heat maps for the short and medium term. These action plans can then be used to prepare the organization for the expected changes and communicate with internal and external stakeholders such as your banks, market data suppliers, TMS & other systems suppliers and accountants.

 

Senior Consultant at Enigma Consulting

The link between financial performance and working capital metrics

| 10-07-2018 | Theo Paardekooper | treasuryXL

Managing working capital is an important task for treasurers in order to reduce the financial risk of a company and to improve the financial stability. In various studies the costs and benefits of working capital have been claimed.

According to Blinder and Maccini (1991), supply costs and price fluctuations can be reduced by larger inventories and this can prevent loss of business due to scarcity of products. However, there are also effects of investment in working capital, which may lead to a negative impact on firm value. Firstly, keeping stock available imposes costs such as warehouse rent, insurance and security expenses, which tend to rise as the level of inventory increases (Kim & Chung, 1990). Secondly, larger investments in working capital, involves opportunity costs and financing costs (Kieschnick, Laplante, & Moussawi (2013) and this will increase credit risk. Summarizing, working capital management affects the perational performance of the company and external circumstances can influence working capital management accordingly. The corporate treasurer is the key person to create working capital policies and initiate managerial focus on this topic. In order to define the added value of a treasurer in the perspective of working capital management the main question is:

Is there a link between the financial performance of a company and its working capital metrics?

This question can be mathematically rephrased as

Where the working capital metrics are defined in the Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC)

Several studies conclude that a faster rise in the cost of higher investment in working capital relative to the holding of more inventories and or granting trade credit to customers may lead to a decrease in corporate profitability (Deloof 2003) and Shin and Soenen (1998) find in a comprehensive study a strong negative relationship between working capital metrics and corporate profitability for US corporates. Most studies focuses on the linear relationship between financial performance and working capital metrics, however a non-linear relationship between financial performance and working capital metrics is at stake. On top of the non-linear relationship industry specific effects might play an important role. After investigating the statistics of a database containing the financial information of 39.052 non-US listed corporates in a time period between 2010 and 2017 2 samples of scatter charts below give a view on the data

  • The results indicate that in 50% of the industries a relationship between financial performance and working capital metrics is confirmed, and this relationship is non- linear. A certain optimum for financial performance is at stake.

  • The cash conversion cycle is industry driven as we see a wide range of different cash conversion cycles over various industries.
  • Working capital management can improve the financial performance, however based on the data, we see a lot of different results in the working capital metric compared to financial performance. This can indicate there is room for more focus on working capital management

 

Theo Paardekooper

Independent treasury specialist

 

How to improve your working capital with Trade Finance instruments

| 22-5-2017 | Olivier Werlingshoff |

Trade finance instruments are developed especially for companies that deal with  export and/or import of goods to reduce risk but also to improve the working capital. Before going into the working capital part first let us refresh the theory.

If you are an importer of goods you would like to be sure the goods you will receive are the same as the goods you ordered. How can you be sure that the exporter sent you the right quality of goods and the right quantity, or that he sent them at all? One of the possibilities you have to reduce that risk is to pay after receiving the goods. If the quality and the quantity do not match with what you ordered, you simply do not accept the goods and do not pay the invoice.

At the same time the exporter of goods is worried that after sending you the goods, the invoice will remain  unpaid after the agreed payment period. What if the client does not accept the goods in the harbor? He would then have to arrange for new transport to return the goods or try to find new clients in a short period of time.

There is a lot of risk for both parties especially when they do not know each other very well or if they are located on different continents.

Letter of Credit

In this case a Letter of Credit could be a solution. With a Letter of Credit you make agreements with the exporter about the quality and the quantity of the goods that you buy, and how, when and where the goods will be shipped to.  Only if all terms and conditions of the Letter of Credit have been met the bank will pay the invoice. A lot of paper work will be part of the agreement for instance a Bills of Lading, a commercial invoice, a certificate of origin and an inspection certificate. As an additional security, the exporter can have the Letter of Credit confirmed by his bank.
In a nutshell this is the basic of how Letters of Credit (L/C) works.

Working Capital

Now you can ask the question how could this improve your working capital?

Firstly you will have more security that the payment will be made, therefore the risk of nonpayment will be reduced.

With trade finance you could also set up a line of credit based on your security and overall financial situation.

For the importer, he can finance the gap between paying the exporter and selling the goods to a buyer or use it for manufacturing purposes.

For the exporter, he can fund the gap between selling the goods and receiving payments from the buyer.

If there is not enough equity or there are no sufficient credit lines available, there is another option. Transaction Finance, hence the goods you will sell. [Export L/C] are used to fund [collateral] the buying of these same goods [Import L/C] This is called a Back to back L/C.

There could be a fly in the ointment, however! What happens when there is a mistake made in the paperwork? If this is a small mistake both parties would agree the transaction will go forward. But if during shipment the prices of the goods drop the importer will maybe not be very collaborative and will grab this opportunity to refuse the goods and not to pay the invoice!

Since the credit crisis the use of L/C’s went through the roof. If you need consultancy advise on this topic, drop us a line!

Olivier Werlingshoff - editor treasuryXL

 

Olivier Werlingshoff 

Group Treasury Director

 

 

 

More articles from this author:

How can payments improve your working capital?

Managing cash across borders

How to improve cash awareness without targets

How can payments improve your working capital? Part I

| 6-4-2017 | Olivier Werlingshoff |

Working Capital is the term for the operating liquidity of a company that can be used and is needed to continue the day to day business. To calculate the working capital you have to deduct the current liabilities from the current assets. By managing your account receivables, accounts payables and inventory you can fluctuate your cash position and optimize your working capital so that the cash “trapped” in the company can be lowered to a minimum while you are still able to meet your payment agreements.

The way you are making or receiving payments can have influence on the trapped cash and therefore can influence your working capital.In a few articles we will dive into the world of payments and explain the influence on working capital. In this first article we will discuss the wire transfers within the EU and cross border.

Wire Transfer

SEPA
With SEPA all payments in the EU are considered as a local payment. To minimize your banking process time with bank transfers you don’t need to open local bank accounts in the different countries in the EU anymore. If you have a customer in, let’s assume Spain and you agreed on a payment term of 30 days, you send your invoice by mail as soon as the  client signed the contract. At that moment your working capital will increase with the amount until the moment the amount is paid into your bank account.

You can mention on your invoice that payments can be done by transfer to your IBAN number in The Netherlands. The maximum processing time will be one banking business day if you send the payment instruction before the cut off time of your bank. This means that if the client is doing the payment on Friday before the cut off time, mostly 3.30 PM, the amount will be on your account on Monday. Otherwise you will receive it on Tuesday.

Risk of non-payment
With wire transfers you still have the risk of nonpayment by you customer. Within the SEPA area you can also use Direct Debits. With this type of payment you can be the one who initiates the payment and if your client accepts, your money could be on your account after the agreed payment term of 30 days. Furthermore Direct debits can’t be reversed by your client when you use the Business variant.

Cross border
If you have a client in the US, you will also send him the invoice by mail to skip the postage process. You can ask him to transfer the amount to your IBAN number. The client will probably convert the amount in his own currency and make an international transfer. With a cross border transfer you will have different costs: the outgoing transfer cost, the incoming transfer cost and also even sometimes correspondent bank costs. Besides the high costs, payments can even take a week before reaching your bank account.

What is the effect on your working capital? Because it takes a long time before you get paid, your accounts payables will increase and the “days sales outstanding” will be longer than the 30 days you agreed on.
When you have a lot of international clients in one specific country you can make a calculation whether opening a local account in the country of your clients could be profitable for you. To avoid correspondent cost you can choose a bank that has connections with your main bank.
After receiving the money on your local account there are some instruments you can use to sweep the balance to your main account in The Netherlands, those products are called pooling techniques.

In the next articles we will focus on payments by internet, credit – and debit cards but also payment on delay and trade products.

Olivier Werlingshoff - editor treasuryXL
Olivier Werlingshoff

Owner of WERFIAD

 

 

 

More articles from this author:

Managing cash across borders

How to improve cash awareness without targets

 

 

Working capital management : Some practical advice on the optimization of the Order to Cash Cycle

| 27-2-2017 | François de Witte |

 

As mentioned in my article “Treasury : proposed “to do” list for 2017”, working capital management will remain a hot topic throughout the year. The first priority is to reduce the working capital needs and financial expenses by optimizing the Order to Cash cycle. In this article, we will develop a plan of approach and propose some concrete actions enabling to generate tangible savings.


Background

The purpose of the Order to Cash optimization is to improve the whole cycle from the moment of the ordering of the goods or services, until the final payment, with the aim to:

  • reduce operational inefficiencies and risks such as delays between goods or service delivery and invoicing, credit management issues, unapproved discounts and deductions, data quality issues, etc.).
  • improve a number of processes such as the invoicing, the dispute management, the credit management and credit control
  • assess the current the tools, build business case for the improvement thereof, and implement them.

Plan of Approach

When starting such a project, I recommend to have at first a quick scan of the overall Order to Cash process so as to identify the critical areas and to assess the business case. Based hereupon, one can then subdivide the project in a number of streams.

In such a project, typically the following processes should be covered:

Ordering processes:
It is important to have a client acceptance process (for me a must in the B2B) and a clear policy on the way orders are accepted. I recommend to only accept written orders. For nonstandard goods, we also need to examine if a prepayment is required before an order is accepted, so mitigate the risk in case that the client does not execute this obligations. It is also useful to check beforehand if the exposure on the client will not exceed the existing credit limits.

Current invoicing processes:
Ideally the sending of the invoice should coincides with the delivery of the goods or services. Furthermore it is important to have the invoices sent timely. These actions enable to reduce the “hidden DSO”. Quite a lot of companies lose several days of easy working capital by neglecting this.
A good customer database is key, and in combination with the ERP, this  enables an automation of the invoicing process.  I recommend to use as much as possible e-invoicing, so as to reduce the costs and the postal delays.

Current credit management processes:
A formalized credit policy is a prerequisite. A number of solution providers offer solutions for the scorings of your clients, so as enable you  to define the credit limits in function hereof. In some sectors this information can be enriched by market information. Of course, one need to ensure that sales staff comply with this and check beforehand that the  credit terms have been duly approved. The credit manager needs to work hand in hand with the sales staff.

Current dispute management processes:
Prevention is important. For this reason, when ordering nonstandard goods, it is recommended to check beforehand the availability of the goods and the timing of the delivery, so as to manage the expectations of your clients. Throughout the process (from the order acceptance to the delivery and the invoicing) one should apply thee “first time right” so as to avoid disputes and litigation afterwards. Check also if some services and repairs are to be done under a maintenance contract or warranty, in which case they should be invoiced to other parties.

Current collection and credit control processes
It is important to have a well-organized credit control process enabling to send reminders quite soon after the due date (if possible the first reminder after 15 days). It can help to send to send to your clients some days before a gentle reminder of the forthcoming due invoices. Once the 2nd reminder has been sent, and provided that there is no dispute, it can be useful to block the delivery of goods and services to your client, so as to have an additional leverage, and to have  the credit collectors should calling the clients to see why they do not pay, and agree with them on an action plan.
When the classic reminder and call actions do not succeed, involve also the sales department and consider first a final call  by another person, before sending your clients to the debt recovery service or to the debt collection agency.
It is important to also ensure an automation of the processes, in particular if one has to address high volumes. If you cannot do it with your current systems, there exist good solutions in the market.

Reconciliation and allocation of incoming payments:
This is a big challenge for many companies. Make sure that your clients use the right payment instruments and payment messages, so as to facilitate the reconciliation process. Within the accounting department, incoming payments are not always allocated promptly, distorting the real accounts receivable outstanding. As a result, reminders can be sent unduly, leading to client dissatisfaction.

KPI’s and Dashboards:
It is important to foresee KPI’s for all the involved stakeholders, as well as incentives to ensure that everybody play the game. Dashboards should enable to remain in control and to monitor regularly a number of key indicators. An area of attention are the overdue receivables. A too high percentage of overdue receivables/total portfolio might be an indicator of possible uncollectable receivables and the need for write-offs.

Attention points

An Order to Cash optimization program is complex and we need to address a number of issues such as :

  • The resistance to change: people will come up with several reasons to keep on with the current processes. Overwork or client dissatisfaction will be used as excuse for deviations with the processes. Hence involve all the stakeholders, take time to listen to them and to make sure that they buy in the change. If the change is well explained, people will tend to accept the changed processes. The support of the senior management is key to address this resistance.
  • The limitation of the systems such as e.g. the ERP or the accounting package: Quite a lot of companies miss opportunities because they do not understand the capacities of their ERP. Involve from the start system experts and examine with them possible workarounds.
  • The standardization of processes throughout the organization : This can be an issue, in particular when working on multiple locations. Processes should be well documented. Once this is done, one can look for the automation.
  • The information and training of the stakeholders: Make sure that process documentation is easily accessible, and consider organizing training sessions for the involved staff.
  • The time and effort needed to implement external solutions: This requires a good business case, including all the aspects. Do not underestimate the cost, the effort and time to implement the tool.
  • The determination of the KPI’s and incentives: this should not only involve finance, but also other Sales, sales administration, the production department and the other involved stakeholders. Build in incentives to ensure that everybody play the game. Make sure that the KPI’s are monitored regularly so as to be able to take corrective action in case of divergences

Conclusion

By managing better the order to Cash Cycle, you can generate a lot of savings. This requires a global approach involving all the stakeholders. To be successful, an optimization requires a number of concrete process improvements, but also the buy-in of all parties involved. A good change management should ensure that the improvements are embedded in the organization, and smart dashboards will enable to monitor that one remains on track.
Technology can help to automate the processes, but do build first a business case and to not underestimate the effort.

It can be a long journey, but in the end, it is worth the effort.

 

 

François de Witte

Senior Consultant at FDW Consult

 

 

More articles of the author:

PSD 2: A lot of opportunities but also big challenges (Part I)

PSD 2: The implementation of PSD 2: A lot of opportunities but also big challenges (Part II)

Treasury: Proposed “to do” list for 2017

Working capital management – not just a finance issue

 

Working Capital Management – not just a finance issue

|14-12-2016 | François de Witte |

money-iii

 

When looking at the sales, conversion and procurement cycle, we should not only focus on the stated DSO, but also at the hidden DSO. In order to identify this, we must go much further to a complete analysis of the order to cash cycle, as illustrated by the following  6 examples:

 

 

  • Several companies do not manage their inventory efficiently
  • Quite a lot of companies still have a time lag between the moment that the goods and the services are delivered, and the moment that the invoice is issued
  • Several  companies still issue paper based invoices. The postal delay will also increase the collection time. For this reason, I recommend to my clients to move to e-invoicing
  • When I worked with a car dealer, I realised that between the moment that the cars were delivered by the importer, and the moment that they were sold, there was a huge time lag
  • A marketing company struggled with the process of offers, leading to purchase orders, because the various participating units did not provide their time sheet and cost estimation in time.
  • On the inventory side, purchase of spare parts were done, even without having a duly executed purchase order of the client, and clients were not reminded in time to take delivery of the goods, resulting in higher stocks

Hence, when starting an assignment on the working capital management optimisation, one should not only look at the processes within finance, but at the overall processes.in the company. By analysing the detailed processes on the floor, you can better understand the drivers of the cash conversion cycle, and take some actions, such as:

  • Ensuring that procurement only purchase spare parts when they have a duly executed purchase order, with then required the advance payment
  • Making staff aware of the need to ensure a quick invoicing process
  • Understanding the possible resistance to new concepts such as e-invoicing and automated incoming document scanning
  • Identifying the triggers, which will make that the staff cooperates to reduce the order to cash cycle
  • Having a better alignment between the finance staff and the sales department on e.g. the credit risk and the payment terms
  • Make procurement more sensitive to treasury aspects. I have seen several cash risk companies who left aside the possibility of supply chain financing of discounting schemes, because the KPIs of both procurement and treasury were not aligned;

But overall, if you wish to succeed in optimising the cash conversion cycle, you need to ensure that the changes are embedded in the organisation by:

  • Explaining to all the participants the importance of working capital management and their contribution to it
  • Providing to the various participants KPIs in this area, which are monitored on a regular basis. In my recent assignment, we have put joint KPIs for the Sales Administration in prompt invoicing and in DSO terms
  • Ensuring also that there is an internal control on the procedures
  • Ensure that you have the correct tooling (e.g. e-invoicing, credit management, credit collection, etc.)
  • Having a regular review of the processes

We can conclude that an efficient working capital management is a matter for the whole company. Beside hard skills, you also need soft skills and KPIs to ensure that the processes are really embedded in the organisation.

francois-de-witte

 

François de Witte

Senior Consultant at FDW Consult