Payment fraud – Leoni case

| 30-08-2016 | Udo Rademakers |

wolkenkrabberAt the 5th of August I wrote an article regarding payment fraud. Not even two weeks later, Leoni, an automotive company in Germany with EUR 4.5b turnover, has been the victim of massive fraud where USD 40m has been wired … to a crime organization. “Leoni realized it had become the victim of fraudulent activity with the help of falsified documents and identities and the use of electronic communication channels,” the firm said. (source: dw.com)

Most probably, this has been done via the so called “Fake President Fraud”: an employee receives a top secret message from the “CEO” with the instruction not to discuss this request with anyone else and to make a high value wire (to an account abroad). Obviously, the money flows into a crime organization.

Currently I am working in Germany where one sees (including myself) an increase in these kinds of attempts. I suspect that most of the cases don’t make it into the paper however.

I refer to my article what measurements could be taken to avoid payment fraud, but would advise corporates as well to make a “quick scan”, as a lack of transparency and decentralization of payments increases the opportunity for fraud and cybercrime:

1. Do you centrally manage and control payment workflows?

2. Are payment workflows consistent within the group?

3. How many payment initiation systems do you run within your group and are limits and processes aligned?

4. Do you link your payments to your Cash flow forecast?

If all of the above questions can be answered with “yes” and the payment systems are limited, some risks are reduced and therewith “Leoni-cases” will hopefully be avoided.

Udo Rademakers

 

Udo Rademakers

Independent Treasury Consultant & Interim Manager

Blockchain: Some remarkable announcements part I

| 29-08-2016 | Carlo de Meijer |

blockchainWhile Blockchain is seen by many as a network phenomenon that needs large market participation, collaboration and interoperability to succeed, both R3CEV and a group of four large global banks came with announcements that are at least a bit remarkable. The bank-backed consortium had filed for a patent of Corda (which is contradictory to the need for open standards and protocols), and at the same time a small group of R3 consortium members have expressed their wish to create their own digital currency (while large collaboration is needed).

R3 and Corda patent

R3CEV, the bank-backed consortium this week announced that it had filed for a patent of Corda, the distributed ledger software that underlies its new project ‘Concord’.

Some critics have argued that blockchain-based solutions should not have patents attached. That could not only hinder innovation in the field of distributed ledgers technology over the coming years. But it could also stand in the way of a more massive adoption of this technology.

R3, however sees it different and says that “although Concord will resemble other platforms working on blockchain technology the underlying software Corda has/offers  enough unique features to justify a patent”. “Corda is just one element of the wider Condor platform”.

Corda White Paper

In the meantime R3 also released its first Whitepaper on Corda. It gives an introductory, non-technical overview that explain its vision, some design choices and outlines the key concepts underpinning the Condor platform.

The Corda project that was announced in April this year, aims to create the software that would be central to its wider blockchain-inspired  shared ledger development project, called Condor.

In this Whitepaper it is explained how R3 set themselves the challenge of starting with the various pain points in the financial industry’s: duplicated, inconsistent data and business logic and redundant business processes – and asked themselves “if they could apply breakthroughs in distributed ledger and blockchain technology to solve them”.

Corda is in fact the outcome of the analysis R3 and the participating banks made on how to achieve as many of the benefits of distributed ledger and blockchain technology as possible “but in a way that is sympathic to and addresses the needs of regulated financial institutions”.

What is Concord?

Concord is aimed to become a distributed ledger platform that has been in development for over a year now. Thereby various challenges are assessed such as governance, internal record keeping and regulatory reporting across the financial services marketplace.

R3 describes Concord as a ‘shared-services model’ that still maintains privacy for banks. Concord aims to become a universal software platform connecting bank operations, allowing companies to run high-scale financial applications on permissioned networks across organisations and internally.

This platform that will be designed to record and manage important, financial agreements (read: smart contracts) between regulated financial institutions, aims to digitalise so-called back and mid-office functions, including trade clearing and settling securities trades, asset registry, reconciliation, and even the recording of cash balances.

By moving these middle and back office functions to a secure cloud-based ledger, R3 en its members hope that Concord will significantly streamline present cumbersome operations, and lower the costs of maintain them. By doing that huge cost savings could be realised (billions of dollars).

Traject

A version of Concord is expected to be launched in the next several months. A small number of member banks will begin testing the system early 2017, with an so-called “alpha” version planned to appear by the middle of next year. “We need to make this real to business users in 2017”, according to R3.

It however will be up to consortium members to decide whether to use it or not. Current bank members of the consortium haven’t (yet) committed to using the new Concord platform and aren’t bound to use it. Nevertheless they have invested money and resources helping build it and also have input into Concord’s specifications.

Concord versus Ethereum

Concord resembles Ethereum, another distributed ledger platform, in a number of ways. Just like Ethereum Concord is viewed as a platform that will allow developers to build any variety of applications. But Concord is tailored expressly for financial institutions, and so has different features and functions.

Perhaps the most important difference between Concord and Ethereum is the way transactions will be recorded. With Ethereum every transactions is recorded, verified and disclosed immediately in their respective public, distributed ledgers.

With Concord, while the transaction is verified via a distributed ledger, it is not publicly disclosed, maintaining the confidentiality that was a key concern of R3’s member banks. The details are shared only by the parties involved, or parties to whom they give access.

 

carlodemeijer

 

Carlo de Meijer

Economist and researcher

 

Why companies still use Excel

| 25-08-2016 | Lionel Pavey |

spreadsheet2
Do you still rely on spreadsheets in your daily treasury operations? We have read multiple articles on this subject lately and we decided to ask our community: Why do treasurers still rely on spreadsheets? Yesterday Jan Meulendijks gave us his opinion on the topic. Today expert Lionel Pavey talks about the benefits of using Excel in your company.

Why do companies use Excel?

Cost – it is part of the Microsoft Office Package; low maintenance costs

Use – everyone has some level of proficiency with Excel

Versatile – data can be customized to your own requirements

Simplicity – comes preloaded with over 400 different formulae, though far less than 100 are truly needed for Treasury purposes

Training – most people learn on the job, no need for expensive courses to help people use the software

Flexible – give the same data to different people and see how they uniquely extract the data they need to answer their queries

Compatibility – all relevant data that is present on standalone accounting software etc. can be exported into Excel and adjusted for individual purposes to achieve the desired results

Problems with Excel?

Ignorance – getting staff to comprehend the route from input to output

Errors – not incorporating checks and balances that can highlight discrepancies

Individualism – is the output only for your consumption or is it passed on down through the chain, enhanced and then passed on again?

Disarray – everyone applies different fonts, layouts, conditional formatting. Should be a company policy in place to determine how data is collated and presented

Uncertainty – why do people insist on hiding columns and rows?

Duplication – the same spreadsheet data is present on many PC’s at the same time with subtle but significant differences. Someone has to own the original document

Solutions?

Dedicated BI software – expensive, no value outside of the present company normally, requires regular maintenance, multiple departments have to sign off before it can even be implemented, constant reviews of whether the correct modules are present, system updates

Design Structure – implement a company policy clearly dictating how “shared” spreadsheets are to be designed.

Input Structure – agree who delivers what, to whom, when and in the agreed format

Share results – allow other people to see how their data has been incorporated into the final reports so they can appreciate the significance of their contribution

Ownership – define who owns what part of the process (their level of responsibility) and who owns the spreadsheet

Reports – ensure that the end users clearly define what they require at the start. 10 versions of a spreadsheet before they get what they wanted means they did not know what they wanted or did not communicate clearly

Conclusion

Excel is well known, robust, versatile and understood. For cash flow forecasting 4 or 5 secure “master” spreadsheets can allow for most situations – daily cash flow recording, future cash flow forecasting, agreed budget, capital expenditure plans, funding commitments. These have to be well protected and isolated on the hard drive. Everything is a trade off – nothing will give you 100 per cent accuracy. However, if you can relatively simply design the required spreadsheets then data is always up to date and available when needed. This covers the 80 per cent of the time maxim– the other 20 per cent you will have to work harder to achieve. Excel is not going away – every new versions even more functionality that allows us to achieve the required level of input more easily whilst ensuring that the output can be better analysed and interpreted.

 

Lionel Pavey

 

Lionel Pavey

Cash Management and Treasury Specialist

 

Do you still rely on spreadsheets in your daily treasury operations?

| 24-08-2016 | Jan Meulendijks |

spreadsheet2Spreadsheets, every treasurer knows how to work them. Spreadsheets are deeply embedded in treasury operations and they seem hard to eliminate. We have read multiple articles on this subject lately and we decided to ask our community: Why do treasurers still rely on spreadsheets? (source: gtnews.com)

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Jan MeulendijksJan Meulendijks
In many cases the treasurers of companies have started their area of expertise with smaller (SME) companies, where the available ERP-system did not offer treasury features and/or no separate treasury system was in use. So… you build it yourself in a spreadsheet. The big advantage of this is that such a spreadsheet only features what you really need, and can be kept quite simple but effective.

When the treasurer moves up to a larger company, the basic spreadsheet can be expanded with any new features required. Again, simple but effective. The big disadvantage of course, is lack of system documentation and dependance on the original designer to transfer knowledge to others.
I would like to classify this phenomenon under the “80/20”-rule: with a few basic spreadsheet functionalities you can achieve 80% of your treasury requirements, to achieve the remaining 20% you have to undertake large operations and investments. Is that all worth it???

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Do you still rely on spreadsheets in your daily treasury operations?

Blockchain : What to expect for 2017?

| 23-08-2016 | Carlo de Meijer |

blockchainWe are now 8 months further on in 2016. Blockchain seems to be not a hype anymore but increasingly becoming a reality. What can we learn from what happened in the area of blockchain up till now. Is it possible to make predictions for 2017 and further? Let’s give a try! 

What happened this year?

On the basis of the various activities and developments during this year a number of trends can be recognised. These could give enough ammunition for a number of predictions on blockchain for 2017.

Increased knowledge sharing
First of all the growing interest and therefor the growing need for knowledge about blockchain. We have seen an explosion of articles, reports, conferences, workshops, seminars, roundtables etc. on blockchain. Many people were educated what blockchain is, its possible applications etc.

Growing investments in blockchain start-ups
We also have seen a boom in the number of start-ups that is developing applications of blockchain technology. They have become very popular among investors. The industry has invested larger sums in these corporates.

Ongoing innovations
These growing investments in start-ups have allowed for ongoing innovations in private blockchain technology, with an increasing number of second and third generation applications popping up.

Consortiums and partnerships coming up
With the believe amongst financial institutions that a go-alone approach is not the right way, we have seen the coming up of a number of collaborative initiatives including R3CEV, Hyperledger project, China Ledger and of various strategic alliances between fintechs, blockchain platforms and financial institutions.

Experimentation and testing stage
Though this year was one of experimentation and testing, with many trials, proof of concepts etc., also first real-world blockchain applications have been launched for small groups but not yet for massive use.

Regulators enter the blockchain scene
What we also have seen is the growing interest and involvement of regulators. Blockchain technology is getting growing attention from various regulatory bodies amid concerns over governance and cybercrime. They try to figure out what is really new about blockchain in case it really takes off.

What can we expect in 2017?

Starting from these developments in the blockchain area, what can we expect for 2017 and beyond?

We are beyond the hype
First of all, looking at 2016, we may say that the blockchain hype is over to a large extent and that 2017 will be a year of practicality. Long-time seen as a hype, just like Pokemon Go, there is growing believe that blockchain is here to stay. Not only financial institutions, but also central banks and governments are nowadays interested in blockchain technology and its potential. This may further broaden the audience of Blockchain believers in a rapid way.

Focus on blockchain integration
Financial institutions will increasingly look for integration of blockchain technology with other areas of the fintech eco system. Existing systems within financial institutions need to adopt to the blockchain element. It must fit in with other banking systems (such as KYC, AML, customer record and other record systems, data warehouses etc).

Integration will not be limited to just installing blockchain technology within their own organisation. It will mean getting many other organisations to adopt and integrate their existing systems with the technology (including businesses proicess and organisational changes). This process may take several years.

Private blockchain networks
While new blockchain consortiums and strategic partnerships will arrive, we will also see an accelerated deployment of private blockchain networks. Multiple networks of trusted platforms each connecting a subset of industry players. This however will ask for an overall distributed ledger, that will be open source with common standards and protocols, enabling interoperability via APIs.

Use cases will be further broadened to non-financial applications
While the focus long time has largely been on applications in the financial world, we will increasingly see blockchain applications in other areas. These may range from decentralised and cloud services including patient records and healthcare support; electronic voting andvoters authentication to cloud based learning and student authentication, digital identity management to land titling and many more. This may allow – just like The Internet – a growing number of people to get in touch with blockchain technology and may open the door to many more.

Blockchain technology will become more mature enabling better and more secure applications ….
Blockchain technology will become more mature, gradually solving issues such as scalability and system integration. We will see more tools and interfaces available. Microsoft Azure for example has started to provide Baas (blockchain -as-a-service) which will enable developers to build more tools. It will allow financial institutions to create all types of tailor made environments using industry level frameworks.

… and also directly-chained solutions
It however will not be limited to blockchain solutions. The technology may also enable directly-chained (instead of block-chained) transactions. In these schemes consensus will be simplified by requiring confirmation just from a limited subset of trusted participants. In these private blockchain schemes that should lead to much faster confirmation times.

In 2017 we will see real-world applications
While 2016 was the year of hit and trial, with many experiments, the banking industry’s proof-of-concept phase will continue according to the Morgan Stanley Report. But 2017 will also see a number of real world applications using blockchain technology.

While the focus long time has been on payments and the securities industry, early real-world blockchain applications will still be limited to use cases such as trade finance, syndicated loans or reference data management, so activities that are not dependent on a critical mass of assets already being on blockchain. Real-world use cases for payments and clearing & settlement purposes however will take several years.

A growing number of market entrants will come with new and more sophisticated innovative offerings for financial institutions. It is thereby expected that they will continue to develop new functionalities for existing blockchain systems to their users, while other applications will emerge.

The year of smart contracts
It is expected that smart contracts will grow in popularity. These contracts that will be stored in the distributed ledger, are getting more accurate and more feasible for real world applications. They are expected to become an integral part of many blockchain solutions. To settle transactions these smart contracts need to be connected to the real world banking system. For banks it is thus important that blockchain will be integrated with their banking systems as well as with their API (Application Program Interface).

Some expect that there will be “a single dominant leading, open source, scalable, enterprise ready, distributed ledger optimised for private blockchain with full support for these smart contracts”. There are a number of organisations working on this.

Growing competition for blockchain platforms
We will see many more platforms to be released. But also increased competition between the various blockchain offerings like Ethereum, Hyperledger, and many more. It is expected that an interface for external users will be developed including APIs, giving others access to the tools will begin to be leveraged.

Increased discussion about standards
The discussion about the need for common industry standards and protocols will continue. There is agreement that common standards and protocols are a must. But not yet next year. There will be multiple networks of trusted platforms all with their own standards and protocols. This however will increase the need for interoperability.

Security gets highest priority
A growing number of institutions are looking at how to use blockchain in their activities. As the blockchain systems may handle more and more assets, contracts and other valuable information, the security part op blockchain applications will get prior attention, to guarantee privacy and integrity of information stored in the ledger.

Regulators enter the scene
Growing focus on security and other risk issues will bring regulators to the forefront. It is expected that regulators will increasingly discuss and operate in collaboration with the industry, to reach the best regulatory solutions for all parties involved. This will help them to develop their policy position towards blockchain technology, assess challenges and benefits of the technology from a regulatory perspective and assess whether new rules are needed.

 

carlodemeijer

 

Carlo de Meijer

Economist and researcher

 

Uitgelicht: Banken overwegen cash op te slaan in kluizen om ECB te ontwijken

| 22-08-2016 | Olivier Werlingshoff, Udo Rademakers, Douwe Dijkstra, Roger Boxman |

 

Afgelopen week verscheen het bericht dat onder andere de ING bank serieus heeft overwogen om geld in cash op te slaan in kluizen om zo de maatregelen van de ECB te ontwijken. De ECB vraagt een ‘boete’ wanneer banken hun geld willen opstallen. De gedachte hierachter is dat financiële instellingen meer geld uitlenen en de economie zo gestimuleerd wordt. Niet alle banken beschouwen het opslaan van cash geld in kluizen als een serieus alternatief. (bron: rtlz.nl) Wat vinden onze experts?

 

Olivier WerlingshoffOlivier Werlingshoff
“Ik denk niet dat het opslaan in kluizen een optie is. Dit is ook in strijd met het doel van de negatieve rente die de ECB heeft ingevoerd. Als banken het geld in cash gaan opslaan, heeft dit stimuleringsmiddel van de ECB geen zin. Ik begrijp echter wel dat banken naar deze optiemogelijkheid kijken. Zij zitten klem tussen aan de ene kant de interne regels van risico’s en rendementen bij het uitgeven van leningen en aan de andere kant de druk van de ECB om meer te gaan uitgeven.”

 

 

udorondUdo Rademakers
“Er zijn momenteel partijen die geld zelf opslaan om in worst-case-scenario geld achter de hand te hebben. Het omzeilen van de negatieve (en wellicht nog verder dalende) rente helpt een handje om met de gespaarde kosten de opslag te financieren. Indien veel partijen voor zo´n type oplossing zouden opteren, kan dit druk opleveren bij de ECB. Echter, de ECB zou hierop kunnen reageren door nieuwe, versnelde regelgeving tot inperking van cash opslag in te voeren (lees: een verbod). Dit lijkt ondenkbaar, maar de centrale banken hebben vaker voor verrassingen gezorgd in het verre en recente verleden…

Ik zie de rentepolitiek van de ECB momenteel meer als een “belasting op vermogen” (wat in zeer veel jaren is opgebouwd) dat zal leiden tot een stimulering van de economie. Tot nu toe heeft de trukendoos van de ECB tot een uitstel van executie geleid en weinig langdurige effecten gesorteerd.

Overigens heeft de ECB besloten om de productie van EUR 500 biljetten einde 2018 te beëindigen (onder het mom dat deze biljetten voor criminele doeleinden worden gebruikt).
Zou dat een andere mogelijke reden zijn om geld opslaan lastiger te maken? In deze tijden van onzekerheid is diversifiëring mijn devies.”

 

 

douwedijkstrarondDouwe Dijkstra
“Persoonlijk vind ik het cash in kluizen opslaan een nauwelijks serieus te nemen optie. Banken maken nog zoveel marge op wel verstrekt krediet dat de aan de ECB te betalen negatieve rente eerder peanuts is dan dat het “vreet aan de winst van de banken”. Beter kunnen banken hun kredietverlenende taak serieus nemen in plaats van aanhoudend aanvullende KYC (Know Your Client) uit te vinden om daar hun klanten mee lastig te vallen.”

 

 

Roger Boxman
rogerrondEen goedkopere manier om van overtollig kasgeld af te komen is om leveranciers of werknemers eerder te betalen. Geld in kluizen opslaan kan uiteraard wel maar is kostbaar. Zeker nu de biljetten van € 500 zijn afgeschaft.

 

Follow up: Valutaoorlog

| 19-08-2016 | Simon Knappstein |

valutaoorlog

 

Gisteren publiceerden we al een artikel over de valutaoorlog die volgens een bericht in het Financieele Dagblad gaande is. De winnaar lijkt degene te zijn met de meest dalende munt. Experts Erna Erkens en René Schilder gaven hun mening over deze vermeende valutastrijd. Vandaag is FX expert Simon Knappstein aan de beurt om zijn visie met ons te delen.

 

 

Deze valutaoorlog is in 2009 begonnen door de Fed toen die besloot de wereld met een tsunami van dollars te overspoelen. Nadien volgden de BoJ en de ECB waarbij beide Centrale banken het doel om inflatie te importeren door de munt te verzwakken overduidelijk nastreefden.

Ondertussen lijkt het mes van de geldverruiming behoorlijk bot geworden. EUR/USD bevindt zich al 2,5 jaar rond de 1.10 waarmee het effect op de inflatie op jaarbasis nul geworden is. En voor de JPY lijken de factoren zoals de status als safe haven plus het uitblijven van renteverhoging in de US zwaarder te wegen dan de geldverruiming en negatieve rentes, want de JPY is in de afgelopen tijd alleen maar in waarde gestegen.

Ik verwacht dat macro-economische factoren de komende tijd verder de overhand zullen gaan krijgen over monetaire factoren bij het richting geven aan valutakoers ontwikkelingen.

Simon Knappstein - editor treasuryXL

 

Simon Knappstein

Owner of FX Prospect

 

 

Uitgelicht: Valutaoorlog

| 18-08-2016 | Erna Erkens, René Schilder |

valutaoorlogHet Britse Pond daalde sinds het Brexit referendum al zo’n 13% in waarde. Ook de Amerikaanse Dollar daalde afgelopen week tegenover alle munteenheden in waarde. Volgens het Financieele Dagblad is er een valutaoorlog gaande waarbij degene met de meest dalende munt de winnaar lijkt te zijn. (Bron: FD.nl) Wij vroegen onze experts naar een reactie op dit artikel. Is er werkelijk sprake van een valutaoorlog?

 

 

 

Erna ErkensErna Erkens
Wat is een valutaoorlog? Het belang van Centrale banken is duidelijk. Maar is dit belang groter dan het belang van de financiële markt? Een valutamarkt die USD 1900 miljard per dag groot is? Wie is dan de winnaar en wie is de verliezer? Een Centrale bank is niet altijd hetzelfde als de overheid of de bedrijven/belangen van het land zelf. Het Verenigd Koninkrijk heeft een tekort en is voor dat tekort gebaat bij een hoog GBP om hun importen goedkoper te maken terwijl een laag GBP de tekorten van het land lager maken. Zo is het Verenigd Koninkrijk ook voor een groot gedeelte van hun grote tekorten af gekomen 30 jaar geleden. Japan heeft een enorm overschot en ontvangen dus heel veel JPY uit hun exporten. Die worden de laatste tijd steeds meer waard terwijl zij toch niet tevreden zijn en dat het land in economische problemen brengt. Dus valutaoorlog, wie tegen wie is dat dan? En wanneer win je en wanneer verlies je? Het echte belang zou moeten zijn: de mensen die in het land wonen en hoe kun je het leven voorhen zo goed mogelijk maken of houden of verbeteren.

 

René Schilder
Ik betwijfereneschilder1l of we voor het Britse pond en de Amerikaanse dollar over een valutaoorlog kunnen spreken. De EUR/USD koers zit al sinds december vorig jaar in een trading range van 1.08/1.1400. Weinig beweging voor dit valutapaar en de algemene verwachting is dat het rentebeleid van de FED (een hogere USD rente later dit jaar) voor meer vraag naar dollars zou kunnen leiden en we eindelijk buiten deze bandbreedte treden. De daling van het pond wordt gedreven door de onzekerheid na het Brexit referendum, dit zal op korte termijn niet veranderen. Renteverwachtingen spelen een grote rol, het Noorse Kroon (NOK) was daar een goed voorbeeld van vorige week toen deze munt flink in waarde steeg na een hoger inflatie cijfer voor de maand juli. De verwachting dat de Noorse centrale bank de rente in september opnieuw zou verlagen werd door dit cijfer teniet gedaan en zorgde voor meer vraag naar NOK.

The Corporate Treasurer and Blockchain

| 17-08-2016 | Carlo de Meijer |

blockchain

 

While it has been widely reported that – despite its disruptive character – the majority of banks think that innovations such as blockchain technology will positively impact their business and are exploring how they can use blockchain to their advantage, it is still largely a grey area for many corporate treasurers. But given the various challenges that corporate treasures are facing today, they also need to pay attention to this ‘cutting-edge’ blockchain technology. 

Complex environment

Today’s business environment for corporates that are internationally active can be highly complex from a treasury point of view. The treasury includes basic tasks like cash management, bank relationship management, payments, and corporate investing.

The corporate treasurer strives to achieve optimal working capital utilization to ensure that the financial supply chain efficiently and effectively supports the physical one. It does this by monitoring global cash positions and managing credit facilities across all bank accounts of the group companies to move cash to where and when it is needed.

“Cash management and forecasting are more challenging because of increasing business complexity.  The level of complexity is likely to get worse over the next two years”

In the digital era, real-time insight into a company’s global cash positions and cash requirements and the ability to move monies intraday is increasingly needed to support this changing business environment.

Today’s model of international correspondent banking however does not easily facilitate the ability to manage cash in a real-time environment.

Challenges

Corporate treasurers thereby face various challenges.

A first one is to obtain in a timely manner consolidated information of group-wide multi-currency positions across a fragmented banking network. This is needed to optimize the financing mix and duration of funding against expected and actual enterprise cash flows.

A second key challenge is optimizing the automation of “order-to-cash” and “purchase-to-pay” cycles with an optimal rate of straight-through-reconciliation (STR) of cash to accounting.

Need for …..

Cash management and forecasting are more important than ever for a company’s financial success, but they have also become more difficult to execute. And the pressure to provide insightful and proactive cash reporting and forecasting is only likely to grow. Management outside of treasury needs a better understanding of a company’s cash positioning and forecasts.

To execute in this environment, treasury functions will need to find ways to provide management with information on cash positions and cash forecasts faster and with deeper insight.

So where should treasury start, in order to improve forecast quality despite increasing internal and external forces that adverse impact reporting?

Blockchain enters the stage

But there is a technology available to take the pressure off the modern cash management professional: Blockchain. This technology could fundamentally affect the various areas of corporate treasury  as it could transform how financial transactions are recorded, reconciled and reported.

The potential applications of blockchain technology for the treasury are vast. They may  range from cash management and correspondent banking, to trade finance and documentation, supply chain management, commodity financing and account opening.

Especially for treasury relevant payments, when applying blockchain, these could be executed instantly between the various participants. As the ownership and provenance of transactions can actually be embedded in the blockchain data, blockchain has the potential to be used for mainstream payments, thereby providing  a robust and secure framework for verifying transactions.

Benefits

Blockchain  could have a number of positive impacts on the transparency, efficiency, cost and risk issues currently associated with corporate treasury. This may bring them various benefits.

  • It will allow for improved liquidity management. Blockchain has the potential to enable real-time/instant insight in a corporate’s liquidity position and how quickly they can provide liquidity to their corporate.
  • The transparency brought about by blockchain technology between the various players could bring benefits especially for those activities that need multiple controls such as transfer of payments. Such transfers can be done much quicker and in some instances even instantly.
  • It will also allow for improved risk management. As the credibility of debtors and creditors is supposed to be known at all participants blockchain will also contribute to more security.
  • Treasurers are nowadays under pressure to reduce costs. Blockchain may allow much lower trading costs for banks because much less parties are involved for reconciliation purposes. Some even say it could save banks billions of euros. And if banks could provide their services to corporates at lower costs that might be of great help for treasurers.
  • And what about the use of smart contracts, in which lawyers and accountants essentially act as coders. When two parties enter into a transaction together, the accountant/lawyer/coder inputs into the blockchain what the event they have all agreed on. This event will occur automatically. That might contribute to much greater efficiency.
  • But also from a financial and business strategy issue, blockchain could bring great benefits. Having a clear picture of assets and cash flows, finance has the ability to make strategic investments in shorter period of time, helping to capitalize on potential investment opportunities and evaluate important future transactions.

Take a longer view

Blockchain has the potential to fundamentally change the treasury function at corporates. For some blockchain is even going to be a game-changer for treasury. The change might not be here yet, but it is coming, and treasurers need to take the long view on it.

carlodemeijer

 

 

Carlo de Meijer

Economist and researcher

 

Treasury ABC Part IV

S059QDGBOG

 

For many people Treasury is, as they think, something that is not concerning. Because there are many items that could be mentioned and listed here, I chose to mention the items that have effect on our daily lives, even if we are not aware of the existence of the described item. Last week I published the third part of the treasury ABC which I’ll call the Treasury ABC for normal citizens. 

 

R is for Regulations

Regulations, regulations. Most people don’t like rules and legislations in their life. The perception is that rules and laws make us “less free”. And in a way, it is. Another way of looking to rules and legislations is that they give a certain assurance that things are going in an way that is generally accepted. Related to treasury activities it is important that the funds invested e.g. for your pension are in safe hands and that risks are limited to guarantee that, when you are entitled to receiving a monthly pension payment, you actually see the amount on your bankaccount. So remember, rules give more certainty and reduce risk for your own sake.

S is for Stock Exchange

Being Dutch it might make you proud to say that a Stock is a dutch invention. One of the oldest known stock is a share in the VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie) dated September 9th 1606. Having stocks, and wanting them, brings the next step: a stock exchange where people can buy or sell financial instruments (stocks, options, etc.). Nowadays the index of the Stock Exchange is a main indicator of the state of the economy in a country. The higher the index the better the economy (or the perception of the economic state).

T is for Treasury

When writing the ABC for Treasury it might be helpful to give a definition of Treasury itself.Treasury is about steering and control of financial assets within an organization. Part of treasury management is Risk management. An organization wants to be sure that its financial assets will not disappear “in air” because of wrong investments. Finally, Treasury is also about reporting and justification of the actions which were made with regard to Treasury.

U is for United Kingdom

The United Kingdom is (still) one of the biggest countries in the EU. What makes this country special is that it did not give up it’s own currency but kept the Great Britain Pound (GPB) with care and proud. If that was the right decision is hard to say. Anyway, since we know that the outcome of the 23rd of June the UK will most probably will exit the EU, having their own currency makes such a step less complicated then it already is. Let’s compare some figures between the Euro, the GPB and the US Dollar (figures as at august 8th, 2016):

Currency rate USD 1.00 0.77 0.90

Currency rate GBP 1.30 1.00 1.16

Currency rate Euro 1.12 0.86 1.00

On June 23rd you could buy GBP 762 for Euro 1000. A day later, after the Brexit seemed unavoidable, you could buy GBP 813 and today (august 11th) GPB 859 for Euro 1000. Now we can see that the (financial) world doesn’t think it is very wise for the United Kingdom to leave the EU. The currency rate of the GPB to Euro has dropped around 12%.

V is for Volatility

Volatility of a stock or a currency rate is an indicator for the stability of it. The more volatile the stock, the more unrest around the company concerned. Some stocks are very stable and give the investor lower risk. The more volatility, the more uncertainty in the market. You can figure out that the more volatile the market is the more your investment is at risk.

Jan Doosje

 

Jan Doosje

Owner of Fimterim Advies & Consultancy