Tag Archive for: risk

Managing treasury risk: Commodity Risk (Part IV)

| 14-2-2017 | Lionel Pavey |

There are lots of discussions concerning risk, but let us start by trying to define what we mean by risk. In my fourth article I will write about commodity risk, what the strategies around commodities are and how to build a commodity risk framework. More information about my first three articles can be found at the end of today’s article.

Commodity Risk

Commodity risk occurs due to changes in price, quantity, quality and politics with regard to the underlying commodities. This can refer to both the commodity as a whole and an input component of a finished good. Commodity risk usually refers to the risk in a physical product, but also occurs in products like electricity. It can affect producers, suppliers and buyers.

Traditionally, commodity price risk was managed by the purchasing department. Here the emphasis was placed on the price – the lower the price, the better. But price is only one component of commodity risk. Price changes can either be observed directly in the commodity or indirectly when the commodity is an input in the finished product.
Availability, especially of energy, is crucial for any company to be able to undertake operations. Combining commodity risk over both Treasury and Purchasing allows these 2 departments to work closer and build a better understanding of the risks involved. It also allows for a comprehensive view of the whole supply chain within a company. A product like electricity is dependent on the input source of production – gas, petroleum, coal, wind, climate – as well as the price and supply of electricity itself.

There are many factors that can determine commodities prices – supply and demand, production capacity, storage, transport. As such it is not as easy to design the risk management model as it is for financial products.

 General strategies that can be implemented

  1. Acceptance
  2. Avoidance
  3. Contract hedging
  4. Correlated hedging

Acceptance
Acceptance would mean that the risk exposure would be unchanged. The company would then absorb all price increases and attempt to pass the increase on when selling the finished product.

Avoidance
Avoidance and/or minimizing means substituting or decreasing the use of certain input components.

Contract hedging
Contract hedging means using financial products related to the commodity, such as options and futures as well as swapping price agreements.

Correlated hedging
Correlated hedging means examining the exposure of a commodity – the price of crude oil is always quoted in USD – and taking a hedge in the USD as opposed to the crude oil itself. The 2 products are correlated to a certain extent, though not fully.

Commodity risk framework

Commodity price speculation – most contracts are settled by physical delivery – affects the market more than price speculation in currency markets.
To build a commodity risk framework, attention needs to given to the following:

  1. Identify the risks
  2. Measure the exposure
  3. Identify hedging products
  4. Examine the market
  5. Delegate the responsibility factors within the organization
  6. Involve management and the Board of Directors
  7. Perform analytics on identified positions
  8. Consider the accounting issues
  9. Create a team
  10. Are there system requirements needed

Problems can arise because of the following:

  1. Relevant information is dispersed throughout the company
  2. Management may not be aligned to the programme
  3. Quantifying exposure can be difficult
  4. There is no natural hedge for the exposure
  5. Design of reports and KPI’s can be complex

It requires an integrated commitment from diverse departments and management to understand and implement a robust, concise policy – but this should not be a hindrance to running the policy.

Lionel Pavey

 

 

Lionel Pavey

Cash Management and Treasury Specialist 

 

 

More articles of this series:

Managing treasury risk: Risk management

Managing treasury risk: Interest rate risk 

Managing treasury risk: Foreign exchange risk

 

Payment fraud – how companies can protect themselves

|13-2-2017 | Joerg Wiemer | sponsored content |

Information about the opportunities and risks of digitalization is widely spread. In general, risks occur when there is a chance of losing a competitive advantage or falling behind.  However, one of the biggest risks is without doubt cybercrime. Attacks on IT systems worldwide increased yet again by 38 percent in 2015, according to the consulting firm PwC in their “Global State of Information Security Survey 2016”. If these attacks are aimed at the payment transactions of a company, the entire existence of the organization is easily threatened. Therefore, security measures in treasury and payments processes should be at the very top of the agenda. Jörg Wiemer, CSO of TIS, explains how companies can ensure increased security.

In general, when does a risk exist for companies during payment transactions?

JW: In principle, in any situation that involves a lack of transparency across bank relationships and activities. In these cases, cash positions and liquidity are not clear. Let’s assume that a branch transfers ten million dollars at the beginning of the month. If these bookings rely on manual processes and the balance is only checked once at the end of the month, it takes a full thirty days until the fraud is detected. Time is literally money.  By monitoring treasury in real time, it is possible to detect these procedures much earlier, thereby solving them in many cases.   

It can take a lot of time until the head office of the branch gains knowledge about such cases.

JW: This is the heart of the problem: The prevailing regional division of labor makes it easy for fraudsters. If the account statements in paper are collected locally in each branch, it takes weeks until those responsible in the head office notice that an account statement is missing, and with it, the positions written on it. This is exactly why a company should collect all account statements from every bank account worldwide automatically and assess liquidity positions in real time with a software like TIS.

What else facilitates frauds?

JW: Fraud can occur if there is no complete overview of the electronic signing authorities, if there is no dual control principle during payment transactions or during the administration of payment recipients and, in general, during every user administration, which is particularly prone to fraud. These are the typical gateways.

How can I detect that I am at an increased risk?

JW: One reliable indicator of a low level of security in payment transactions is a high amount of manual transactions. Normally, the assumption is that every payment has to be recorded in the accounting system according to the best practices – no booking without receipt, and no payment without a previous booking. Nevertheless, under certain circumstances, there are deviations and exceptions of this principle. The key term here is “exception handling”, which results in a manual payment. An exemption is necessary for these cases, which includes comprehensive process documentation. The possibility of recording and authorization of non-automatic payments should be restricted to certain recipients of the payment and internal user groups. Furthermore, the user should only be allowed to use unchangeable payment templates that have been approved in advance.

How can companies reduce risks?

JW:  A general rule is to standardize and and automate processes across the group of companies! Payment related tasks can be executed on local level, however, based on a standardized and automated process. A central directory of every existing account and a payment governance should be mandatory for every company. Security in payment transactions begins with the professional management of the bank accounts. Otherwise, those responsible run the risk of fraudulent payments through accounts that are not registered in the ledger. The next step is to centralize the payment transactions. Digital payment platforms like TIS pool the cash flow and standardize and automate it. This way, payment procedures and the cash flow are controllable at all times.

What has payment looked like in practice up until now?

JW: Heterogeneous and confusing. Companies have a lot of different systems in each part of their organization and they use different e-banking tools to connect to the banks. The SAP system then generates payments. This is complicated and complex and there are many different protocols and formats. This is the reason for high costs as well as increased fraud risk.

In light of this, which solution approach does TIS pursue?

JW: We provide a payment transactions platform especially for medium and large-sized companies in any industry. The platform connects their accounting system with the respective bank. It then operates between the core systems – which the client does not have to change –  and the bank. Therefore, the platform is the single point of contact, allowing all automated and standardized payment transactions to be combined in a uniform way for the entire company. This makes the management, monitoring and assessment of payment transactions tremendously easier.

The TIS solution runs completely in the cloud. What about the topics of control and secure data storage?

JW: A server as such is either secure or not secure, no matter if it runs in the cloud or in your own house. It is also possible to dial into an in-house server with the banking tools of a company from anywhere as long as the person has the appropriate authorization or the right amount of criminal energy. This is why the server has to be permanently protected from non-authorized access with a high level of modern technology. The big data centers, with which TIS also cooperates, have totally different possibilities than a single company. Let me say a few words regarding the topic of online banking:  the idea that banking tools on a private notebook which runs offline are somehow more secure is an illusion. This computer provides a much bigger gateway for viruses and Trojans than any e-banking solution that runs in the cloud. It speaks volumes, that the Swiss Reporting and Analysis Centre for Information Assurance (MELANI) has recently started receiving a much higher amount of reports from the general public regarding e-banking frauds.

The right software is one part, but what can be done to ensure risk is handled correctly and that the right methods of payments processing are put into place?

JW: Good governance must be established and implemented. Companies need globally valid rules for their payment transactions with detailed guidelines on the following: how accounts are managed, who can open new accounts, who must give permission for this, and the documentation necessary to do so. There are always bad examples for what can happen if the company does not follow the guidelines. Remember the case of the automotive suppliers Leonie mid-2016? Cybercriminals acquired documents and assumed somebody else’s identity. They were then able to divert 40 million euros from accounts of the company to accounts abroad.

My advice on how to minimize risk? Establish governance guidelines and use a central platform for the management of bank accounts and payment transactions. Through automated and standardized processes, companies can protect themselves against manipulation and fraud and, ultimately, the loss of money.

If you are interested to read more about this topic please click on security in payments

joerg wiemer

 

Joerg Wiemer

CSO and Co-Founder of  Treasury Intelligence Solutions GmbH ( TIS)

 

 

 

Managing Treasury Risk – Foreign Exchange Risk (Part III)

| 7-2-2017 | Lionel Pavey |

 

There are lots of discussions concerning risk, but let us start by trying to define what we mean by risk. In my third article I will focus on foreign exchange risk. This risk has to be taken into consideration when a financial commitment is denominated in a currency other than the base currency of a company.
There are 4 types of foreign exchange risk.

Transaction Risk

Transaction risk occurs when future cash flows are denominated in other currencies. This refers to both payables and receivables.  Adverse changes in foreign exchange prices can lead to a fall in profit, or even a loss.

Translation Risk

Translation risk occurs when accounting translation for asset and liabilities in financial statements are reported. When consolidating from an operating currency into a reporting currency (overseas offices etc.) the value of assets, liabilities and profits are translated back to the reporting currency. Translation risk does not affect a company’s cash flows, but adverse changes can affect a company’s earnings and value.

Economic Risk

Economic risk occurs when changes in foreign exchange rates can leave a company at a disadvantage in comparison to competitors. This can affect competitive advantage and market share. Future cash flows from investments are also exposed to economic risk.

Contingent Risk

Contingent risk occurs when potential future work is expressed in a foreign currency. An example would be taking part in a tender for work in another country where the pricing is also in a foreign currency. If a company won a large foreign tender, which results in an immediate down payment being received, the value of that money would be subject to transaction risk. There is a timeframe between submitting a tender and knowing if the tender has been won, where a company has contingent exposure.

Identifying Foreign Exchange Risk

  1. What risk does a company face and how can it be measured
  2. What hedging or rate management policy should a company use
  3. What financial product, available in the market, should be best used
  4. Does the risk relate to operational cash flows or financial cash flows

Initially we need to ascertain what we think future FX rates will be. Methods that can be used include the Forward Rate Parity, the International Fisher Effect which also includes expected inflation, forecasts provider by banks and international forums, along with VaR. Model analysis can be provided, among others, via fundamental factors, technical analysis, and political analysis.

Different FX rates can then be used to simulate the effects on cash transactions when converted back into the base currency. This will provide different results that will allow a company to determine what level of risk it is prepared to accept. Finally a decision must be taken as to whether the company wishes to hedge its exposure or not. Before the advent of the Euro, both the Netherlands and Germany  were members of the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM). This meant there was agreed band within which the spot rate could move around an agreed central point – this was NLG 112.673 equal to DEM 100.00 with a bandwidth of +- 2.25%. For some companies, this tight band meant that they took the decision not to hedge any exposure between DEM and NLG.

Financial products that are commonly used to manage foreign exchange risk include Forward Exchange contracts, Futures, Caps, Floors, Collars, Options, Currency Swaps and Money Market hedging.

Lionel Pavey

 

 

Lionel Pavey

Cash Management and Treasury Specialist

 

 

More articles of this series:

Managing treasury risk: Risk management

Managing treasury risk: Interest rate risk 

Managing treasury risk: Interest rate risk (Part II)

|31-1-2017 | Lionel Pavey |

 

There are lots of discussions concerning risk, but let us start by trying to define what we mean by risk. In my first article of this series I wrote about risk managment and what the core criteria are for a solid risk management policy. Today I want to focus on interest rate risk. There are 4 types of interest rate risk.

 

Absolute Interest Rate Risk

Absolute interest rate risk occurs when we are exposed to directional changes in rates – either up or down. This is the main area of rate risk that gets monitored and analysed within a company as it is immediately visible and has a potential effect on profit.

Yield Curve Risk

Yield curve risk occurs from changes between short term rates and long term rates, together with changes in the spreads between the underlying periods. Under normal circumstances a yield curve would be upward sloping if viewed as a graph. The implication is that longer term rates are higher than short term rates because of the higher risk to the lender and less liquidity in the market for long dated transactions. Changes to the yield curve (steepening or flattening) can have an impact on decisions for investment and borrowings, leading to changes in profit.

Refunding or Reinvestment Risk

Refunding or reinvestment risk occurs when borrowings or investments mature at a time when interest rates are not favourable. Borrowings or investments are rolled over at rates that had not been forecast leading to a potential loss on projects or investments.

Embedded Options Risk

Embedded options are provisions in securities that cannot be traded separately from the security and grant rights to either the issuer or the holder that can introduce additional risk. Benefits for the issuer can include a call option, a right to repay before maturity without incurring a penalty, an interest rate cap. Benefits for the holder can include a put option, a conversion right via convertible bonds, an interest rate floor.

 

An attempt can be made to calculate the interest rate risk on either a complete portfolio or on individual borrowings or investment. This is done by comparing the stated interest rate to the actual or projected interest rate. Methods include:

  1. Mark to market
  2. Parallel shift in the whole yield curve
  3. Tailor-made shift in the whole yield curve
  4. Duration, DV01, Convexity
  5. Value at Risk (VaR)

These are all forms of quantitative analysis and well recognized. Personally I am of the opinion that VaR is not a very good method for interest rates. Interest rates do not display normal Gaussian distribution – they do not resemble a normal bell curve. Interest rate distribution curves display fat tails compared to normal statistical models.

Financial products that are commonly used to manage interest rate risk include FRAs, Futures, Caps, Floors, Collars, Options, Interest Rate Swaps and Swaptions.

Lionel Pavey

 

Lionel Pavey

Cash Management and Treasury Specialist

 

 

 

More articles from this author:

Safety of Payments

The treasurer and data

The impact of negative interest rates

How long can interest rates stay so low?

 

Managing treasury risk : Risk Management (Part I)

| 23-1-2017 | Lionel Pavey |

 

There are lots of discussions concerning risk, but let us start by trying to define what we mean by risk.
It is a negative event that can potentially lead to loss or liability; it is exposure to uncertainty; it is a deviation from the expected outcome. It can be caused by people, changes in the law, products used in day-to-day activity to facilitate the business. Risk is not an uncertainty – it is a “known unknown”

 

 

Risk arises in every activity of a company and, therefore, a procedure of risk assessment has to be determined within a company and controls implemented. We can conclude that a risk management policy is a crucial part of the risk management function. The policy provides a framework – and details the framework – for decision making, whilst adhering to the company’s agreed viewpoint on risk.

Risk Management

A risk management policy can be very extensive as it relates to all risks faced by a company – we shall only focus on the risk relating to treasury operations. Treasury risk policy should be developed by the Treasury department, together with management, and approved by the board of directors. Once approved and implemented, the policy should be regularly reviewed and amended to ensure that it effectively meets the changing risks as the company advances.

Core criteria

The core criteria for undertaking the policy include:

  1. Providing a framework (matrix) for financial decision making
  2. Defining a policy for identifying and controlling risk
  3. Confirmation of the objectives and restrictions set by the board of directors and management
  4. Safeguarding the interests of stakeholders
  5. Enabling the reporting and measurement of treasury risk to the board of directors and management

Strategic components

Strategic components related to the policy include:

  1. Objectives
  2. Standards of care
  3. Authority and Responsibility
  4. Requirements for third party providers
  5. Types of transactions
  6. Constraints on transactions
  7. Reporting
  8. Policy review process
  9. Benchmarking

Major treasury related risks that shall be discussed in my next articles include:

  • Interest rate risk
  • Foreign Exchange risk
  • Commodity risk
  • Credit risk
  • Operational risk
  • Liquidity risk

A search through Google will show more risks, but we are attempting to show and discuss the main types of risk in treasury operations.

In the rest of the series, we shall elaborate on the above 6 major treasury related risk categories.

“Risk comes from not knowing what you are doing” – Warren Buffett

Lionel Pavey

 

 

Lionel Pavey

Cash Management and Treasury Specialist

 

 

More articles from this author:

Safety of Payments

The treasurer and data

The impact of negative interest rates

How long can interest rates stay so low?

Het belang van de basiskennis van delivery terms en betalingsinstrumenten in een organisatie

| 20-1-2017 | Ger van Rosmalen | treasuryXL

Al een tijdje geleden leverde Ger van Rosmalen dit boeiende verhaal en wij delen het graag met jullie, omdat het nog steeds actueel is. Het maakt eens te meer duidelijk dat goede communicatie tussen afdelingen in het belang van de hele organisatie is en hierin investeren geen overbodige luxe.
Daarnaast is het zeer zinvol dat niet alleen de verkoop-afdeling een goede basiskennis heeft van delivery terms en betalingsinstrumenten, maar ook de andere afdelingen in de verkoopketen en dat ook regelmatig uitgewisseld wordt met de treasury.

De treasury-afdeling van een bedrijf dekt een koersrisico af voor de levering van machines aan een afnemer in Turkije. De betaling is op 60 dagen na factuurdatum en de afnemer heeft een limiet onder de kredietverzekering. Afdeling sales heeft de machines verkocht met als delivery term (EXW) Ex Works. De afnemer stuurt een vrachtauto om de machines op te halen maar bij het laden gaat er iets verkeerd en valt één machine van de vorkheftruck en wordt total loss verklaard. Omdat de tweede machine alleen maar kan werken met combinatie met de andere machine die nu total loss is verklaard, weigert de afnemer te betalen.

Wellicht had de treasury-afdeling dit contract eerder kunnen rescontreren maar nu liep het contract tot de einddatum en volgde er geen betaling. De afdeling treasury werd niet geïnformeerd over dit probleem. De partijen zijn in een juridisch gevecht terecht gekomen want het laden van de vrachtauto blijkt door eigen personeel te zijn gedaan. EXW wil zeggen dat de chauffeur van de afnemer de machines zelf had moeten laden maar vaak, hoe goed bedoeld ook, doen de collega’s van het magazijn dit. In principe gaat het risico over van verkoper op koper bij EXW op het moment dat de machines van hun plek worden gehaald. Laden de magazijnmedewerkers de producten zelf dan had een andere delivery term afgesproken moeten worden namelijk FCA Free Carrier.

Bovenstaande situatie toont aan dat het belangrijk is om niet alleen de afdeling sales maar ook andere afdelingen basiskennis mee te geven van delivery terms en betalingsinstrumenten. Daarnaast is het van groot belang om de afdelingen sales, logistiek, finance, treasury en credit regelmatig met elkaar in gesprek te laten zijn (en te laten blijven), dat maakt dat iedereen attent is op risico’s die ook buiten hun eigen aandachtsgebied liggen. Je hebt tenslotte toch allemaal een gezamenlijk belang binnen een bedrijf?

Ger van Rosmalen

Trade Finance Specialist

 

Safety of payments

| 3-1-2017 | Lionel Pavey | GT News

Fraud and cybercrime protection is of major importance for corporate treasurers. In the past year a new risk had to be added to the list: connectivity. Reports of banks being hacked and losing millions through unauthorised payments appeared more and more frequently and since protecting payment connectivity workflows was not a high priority item on the list of treasurers, it created damage in the industry.
GT News deals with the topic of how to protect payments in their article’ ‘Five tips for keeping your payments safe‘ on december 21st, 2016. We asked our expert Lionel Pavey to comment on the article and give us his own view on how to protect payments.

Safety of payments

As even medium size companies can easily have over 100,000 bank transactions per year, it is imperative for a company to ascertain the validity of all payments so that no fraudulent payments take place.

Authorisation Matrix

It is necessary to embed a clearly defined matrix within the company. This should follow a six-eye principle and be traceable within the payment system – invariably a bank payment system. The matrix should include the names of all those authorized; the amount they may authorize; the distinct legal entities they may represent etc. This data also needs to maintained and secured away from the payment centre (IT or legal department). If a new person needs to be added to the list who implements the procedure – Treasury or IT?

Types of payments

There are various workflows that will generate payments and these should be mapped and a complete process should be designed for each one – procurement system and creditors in the book keeping; financial obligations from the existing financing operations (loans, bonds etc.); tax on wages; social premiums; Value Added Tax (BTW); manual payments normally arising from expense claims and incidental purchases outside the normal procurement channel.

Validity of payments

Normal payments relating to creditors are relatively easy to follow – authorization has taken place in 2 different areas (procurement and book keeping). VAT requires data from book keeping for both debtors and creditors. Tax on wages and social premiums are normally presented just once a month either through the administration/controller channel or directly from HR. The biggest area of concern relates to manual payments.

Manual payments

These generally relate to purchases (normally one-off). The obvious question that arises is why is there a need for suppliers that are not in the existing procurement system? It is not impossible to ensure that there are preferred suppliers for all normal desires. Another source is repayments to debtors that are not balanced off against outstanding balances. If a company does not have dedicated software relating to the financing operations who, beyond the Treasury Department, can verify the amounts and dates? The area that requires the greatest vigilance relates to expense claims. Just because a line manager authorizes an expense claim does not mean that it is always compliant with company policy – this is an area where the onus should be on the controller to validate the integrity of the expense claim. Is the expense a genuine expense made in direct relationship to working for the company? An employee away on business and staying in a hotel is entitled to a meal at the expense of the company, but what is the policy towards alcohol and entertainment? Is the amount being claimed excessive and work related?

Integrity of bank systems

How secure is the bank system? When a batch is prepared for payment and an authorisation code produced, how is the code produced – what are the underlying factors that generate the code? Is it possible to alter the beneficiary’s account number after the batch has been produced? Would an alteration be seen by the system, resulting in an incorrect authorisation code? Banks generally do not provide a lot of information as to how their system generates codes.

Reconciliation

Who can extract data from the bank systems? Does this occur daily? Are all entries processed the following day in the book keeping system? What happens to items that are not immediately reconciled?

Conclusion

With regard to standard procurement, it should be easy to construct a solid working system that can be followed at all times. Manual payments are a weak link and a serious amount of time and effort has to be used in constructing a strong framework that has to be enforced and maintained at all times.

Lionel Pavey

 

 

Lionel Pavey

Cash Management and Treasury Specialist

 

5 Treasury challenges in 2017

| 22-12-2016 | Annette Gillhart |

vuurwerkWhile the year’s end draws closer it is almost inevitable to come across articles that sum up the 10 best, 5 worst, 3 largest and 7 newest… feel free to fill in your favourite topic! As platform for the treasury community we cannot miss the opportunity, of course, to do so for the treasury, too.
So here it comes: What are the 5 largest challenges for treasurers in 2017? We came across several articles and surveys and have picked the 5 topics that we believe are most prominent.

  1. Development of treasury technology
    While FinTech and Instant Payments were in the news a lot lately, it comes as no surprise that further developments are to be expected in 2017 and treasurers will be urged to keep up to date, no matter if they work as corporate treasurer or bank professional.
  2. Centralisation
    Financial departments and also the treasury are urged to operate more efficiently and to ensure transparency for compliance reasons. This can be achieved by automating processes and centralising the management of group cash and liquidity.
  3. Banking relationship – managing the changes
    Regular contact with all involved banks has always been an issue within the treasury department, but also strategical decisions become more prominent. Depending on the size of the organisation, treasurers seek to rationalize their banking arrangements, work preferably with a smaller number of core banks, in order to achieve oversight of liquidity and exposure. Smaller companies tend to work with al growing number of banks, as they feel the need to expand their interests.
  4. Cyber crime, fraud and security issues
    Always a concern for treasurers, but with the rapid changes in technology extra vigilance is a must. Cyber criminals will not rest to develop new variations to take advantage of the holes in the net. Business email compromise (BEC) evolves fast. Perhaps more than any other type of fraud, treasurers will have to deal  with this threat and see to prevent it.
  5. Evolution of treasury
    Traditionally the role of a treasurer was focussed on operational efficiency in order to achieve maximum cost efficiency and clear financial structures. Especially since transaction intensity with banks and institutions started increasing again after the crisis. Treasurers will continue to focus on execution, but see a growing trend of the role as an internal advisor. Participation in decision-making” will gain importance in their role in the years to come and will be as vital as transactional work.

It is obvious that we do not claim that the list of challenges is complete with these 5 and believe that each single organisation will have to add some specific challenges of their own.

Sources: Nordea survey (The future of corporate treasury), and AFP (What Will Treasurers Be Working On in 2017?), Hunt, 19-12-2016

On behalf of treasuryXL I wish you all ‘Merry Christmas and Happy New Year’!

annette-gillhartAnnette Gillhart – Community Manager treasuryXL

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4 financiële problemen die bedrijven in gevaar kunnen brengen – Deel II

| 21-12-2016 | Jan Meulendijks | Olivier Werlingshoff | FM.nl |

bankrupcy

 

Maandag plaatsten wij  het artikel ‘4 financiële problemen die bedrijven in gevaar kunnen brengen‘  waarin twee experts een reactie gaven op het artikel, dat op 12 december op FM.nl geplaatst is. Naar aanleiding van dit artikel hebben we nog meer reacties mogen ontvangen, die wij jullie niet willen onthouden. 

 

 

De 4 problemen nogmaals op een rij:

1. Acuut probleem (illiquiditeit)
Bedrijven gaan vaak failliet, omdat ze geen cash meer hebben. Het gaat mis als er onvoldoende cash is om aan kortlopende financiële verplichtingen te kunnen voldoen.

2. Chronisch probleem(organisatie is onrendabel)
Een onderneming kan jarenlang verlies lijden, maar toch blijven voortbestaan zolang er maar geld is.

3. Structureel probleem (insolvabiliteit)
Van insolvabiliteit spreek je wanneer er iets mis is met de vermogensstructuur van een onderneming.

4. Strategisch probleem (toekomstplannen)
Een onderneming heeft een strategisch probleem wanneer het management niet goed in zicht heeft hoe de markt veranderd en hoe de onderneming haar toekomstplannen daarop moet aanpassen.

Onze experts reageren als volgt:

Jan Meulendijks:
Volgens mij leidt een strategisch probleem op kortere of langere termijn ook tot de andere 3 problemen, waarbij ik het “chronisch” probleem min of meer gelijk stel met het strategisch probleem.
Geen visie of een verkeerde visie zal een onderneming onherroepelijk ten onder doen gaan tenzij er bijsturing plaatsvindt. De auteur van het artikel legt sterk de nadruk op cash genereren, meer nog dan op winst genereren. Cash is inderdaad het belangrijkste om in leven te blijven, maar die cash moet dan wel voortkomen uit de bedrijfsactiviteiten en bijvoorbeeld niet uit verkoop van activa simpelweg omdat er geen andere cash genererende mogelijkheden meer zijn.
Investeerders/financiers kijken ook vooral naar het cash genererend vermogen van de investeringen die met hun geld worden gedaan. Gaan die zoveel cash genereren dat minimaal de aflossing en rente op de additionele investeringen gedaan kunnen worden? Liefst natuurlijk nog beter dan dat, zodat er ook nog een bijdrage aan de winst/vermogenspositie wordt gedaan.
Het voorbeeld van Blokker zal inderdaad een praktijktest zijn, zijn die 200 miljoen inderdaad cash genererend?
Een veel voorkomend praktijkvoorbeeld van een strategisch probleem is de aankoop van een bedrijfspand, zeker in tijden van hoge rente; hiervoor gaan ondernemingen vaak grote leningen/financieringen aan, terwijl er nauwelijks tot geen extra cash mee wordt gegenereerd t.o.v. een huurpand. Het pand is dan een blok aan het been.
De treasurer zal als eerste de acute problemen signaleren, en kan van daaruit naar control en commercie waarschuwen. Hopelijk is dat tijdig…

Jan Meulendijks

 

Jan Meulendijks

Cash management, transaction banking and trade professional

 

 

 

Olivier Werlingshoff:
Wat ik met name heb gemerkt tijdens opdrachten is dat bedrijven die momenteel (nog) geen liquiditeitsprobleem hebben dit onderdeel ook geen aandacht geven.Tenminste onvoldoende aandacht. Liquiditeiten zijn er genoeg en hierdoor bestaat er onvoldoende belangstelling voor cash bij zowel de directie en hierdoor ook bij de medewerkers in zijn geheel.
Liquiditeitsplanningen zijn een “verplicht nummer” die snel ergens binnen de organisatie, meestal door de Control afdeling wordt opgesteld op basis van de V&W rekening. Andere bedrijfsonderdelen worden daarbij niet of nauwelijks betrokken. Afwijkingen worden vaak niet gerapporteerd of kunnen niet worden verklaard.Je zou denken dat het dak gemaakt moet worden wanneer het niet regent!

Een directeur vroeg mij een keer, toen ik hem sprak over debiteuren die te laat betaalden, “hebben wij nu, op dit moment een probleem?” Liquiditeit technisch niet, dus wist ik gelijk waar ik op de prioriteitenlijst stond, onderaan dus! Ik werd vreemd aangekeken toen ik vroeg of hij problemen zou hebben als zijn salaris een keer drie maanden later betaald zou worden. Doel van mijn opmerking was om het geheel te vertalen naar de persoonlijke sfeer. Wat gebeurt er wanneer gelden niet of niet tijdig binnenkomen?
Kortom er wordt inderdaad vaak pas ingegrepen wanneer de liquiditeiten een probleem vormen en meestal is het dan te laat of net niet maar moeten er rigoureuze maatregelen getroffen worden.
‘Cash awareness’ promoten door verschillende afdelingen te betrekken bij het opstellen van een liquiditeitsplanning is naar mijn weten de eerste actie die kan worden opgezet om meer ‘feeling’ te krijgen bij wat er binnen een organisatie speelt. Het ‘under control’ krijgen van de organisatie.

Olivier Werlingshoff - editor treasuryXL

 

Olivier Werlingshoff

Managing Consultant at Proferus

 

 

 

 

How Bank Independency improves your Treasury Performance

| 18-11-2016 | PowertoPay |

bankgebouwenAs RBS in april 2016, ABN AMRO announced recently that they will lay off another 1500 employees worldwide and reduce services due to ongoing digitalisation. We came across an article of PowertoPay and in the light of recent developments you might find it interesting to read.

As we emerge from the global credit crisis and banks are starting to (geographically) withdraw from some parts of the market, managing cash flow more effectively is a top priority for treasurers. Monitoring, analysing and reporting on underlying business cash flow and risk has become extremely important. Despite the changing role of the treasurer which resulted in new requirements, treasury must still determine the optimal organizational structure that meets both strategic goals and supports overall efficiency. These efficiency goals have created the need for centralized bank-agnostic solutions that aggregate all financial information onto one platform.

The evolved need for bank-independency

As competition increases in the payments market, banks need to create competitive differentiation, either in-house or in a shared model. Banks need to reshape their focus and keep a consistent client focus. A recent example of a bank that needed to reshape was the withdrawal of RBS from a large number of countries. RBS has made the choice of being a consumer bank for the UK and decided to end servicing the earlier acquired Global Transaction Banking customers.

The withdrawal of RBS from large parts of the market created the need for large corporates to investigate bank-independency and bank-agnostic solutions more thoroughly. A logical consequence, because how can you be certain that your bank will remain active in a specific country for over five years? Frank Nolden, CEO of PowertoPay states:  “If the financial crisis has taught us anything, it’s that no matter how big, banks can go bankrupt. Therefore, corporates want to decrease their risk on financial counterparts, because these counterparts might no longer exist in a few years”.

Reducing risk

In order to: 1) reduce the risk on financial counterparts 2) overcome the bottlenecks  3) reduce potential credit inefficiencies found within the use of single banks, corporate treasurers increasingly focus on bank-agnostic solutions. Connecting to multiple banks via a centralized bank-agnostic solution means lowering the risks of having to change and select new banks in the future, which allows corporates to have greater financial performances.

Succeeding with simple connectivity

Large corporates more often choose for developing channels and services that support a multi-banking, bank-agnostic approach. According to the CEO of PowertoPay, Frank Nolden, “the maintenance of all the different multiple technology systems have driven corporates to opt for simple hub connectivity through centralized solutions”. Many corporates have to connect to a myriad of bank portals with numerous security tokens to handle their treasury operations, which considerably increases risk. Bank-agnostic solutions automate, centralize and standardize globally these payment and cash management processes, allowing treasurers to make better, more informed and faster decisions based on real-time holistic insights, improving their performance.

Conclusion

Corporates are always seeking to increase the levels of operational efficiency. Maintaining all types of different multiple technology systems with low efficiency levels have driven treasurers to opt for bank-agnostic, centralized solutions. These solutions reduce the risk on financial counterparts, creating more streamlined and effective treasury operations.

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